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Islam

Islam. Descendents. From Semitic tribes around 3000 BC Abraham and Sarah had Isaac (which gave us the Hebrew line) and the maidservant Hagar had Ishmael (which gave us the Arab line). ABRAHAM. SARAH. Ishmael. Isaac. 12 Arabian Tribes. Jacob. Esau. 12 Tribes of Israel. Origins.

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Islam

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  1. Islam

  2. Descendents • From Semitic tribes around 3000 BC • Abraham and Sarah had Isaac (which gave us the Hebrew line) and the maidservant Hagar had Ishmael (which gave us the Arab line)

  3. ABRAHAM SARAH Ishmael Isaac 12 Arabian Tribes Jacob Esau 12 Tribes of Israel

  4. Origins • Arab Bedouin (nomadic herders) at first were polytheistic. When they came into contact with the Byzantines/Persians/Ethiopians they were exposed to Judaism & Christianity. They rejected them and brought about their own uniquely Arab form of monotheism.

  5. Muhammad • Born in 570 AD • Married an older, wealthy widow which eliminated his financial worries and gave him time to think. • According to Islamic tradition in 610 he had a revelation calling him to be the apostle of Allah ( the Arabic word for God) • Believed in one God that measured the worth of people by their devotion and good deeds. • People are to live in preparation for a day of judgment.

  6. Islamic Holy Book • The Quran is the Islamic sacred scriptures. According to Islamic tradition, the Angel Gabriel revealed divine messages to Muhammad over a 22 year period. Faithful Muslims wrote them down after his death.

  7. The Prophetic Tradition Adam Noah Abraham Moses Jesus Muhammad

  8. The Origins of the Qur’an • Muhammad received his first revelation from the angel Gabriel in the Cave of Hira in 610. • 622 Hijrah  Muhammed flees Mecca for Medina.* The beginning of the Muslim calendar (1 A.H.) • Muhammad’s revelations were compiled into the Qur’an after his death.

  9. Five Pillars of Islam • Faith –“There is no God but Allah & Muhammad is his prophet” • Prayer- 5 times a day, perhaps in a Mosque • Alms giving-charity • Fasting-Month of Ramadan (which marks Muhammad’s first revelation) No eating from sunrise to sunset. • Pilgrimage- or hajj to Mecca which is a visible experience of Muslim unity.

  10. 2. The Salat • The mandatory prayers performed 5 times a day:* dawn* noon* late afternoon * sunset * before going to bed • Wash before praying. • Face Mecca and use a prayer rug. 2

  11. The Mosque • The Muslim place of worship.

  12. The Dome of the Rock Mosque in Jerusalem Mount Moriah Rockwhere Muhammad ascended into heaven.

  13. Other Islamic Religious Practices • Up to four wives allowed at once. • No alcohol or pork. • No gambling. • Sharia body of Islamic law to regulate daily living. • Three holiest cities in Islam:* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

  14. The Spread of Islam • Easy to learn and practice. • No priesthood. • Teaches equality. • Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of the Book,” were allowed religious freedom, but paid additional taxes. • Easily “portable”  nomads & trade routes. • Jihad(“Holy War”) against pagans and other non-believers (“infidels”).

  15. Muslims in the WorldToday

  16. Countries with the Largest Muslim Population * Arabs make up only 20% of the total Muslim population of the world.

  17. Divisions • Sunni- “Followers of the way.” They believe any devout Muslim could be Caliph. 90% of Muslims. • Shiite-Believe the Caliph should be a descendent of Muhammad. Mostly in Iran, but some in Iraq and Lebanon.

  18. Spread of Islam • -Rightly guided Califs • -Umayyad Dynasty (661-750 AD) • Spread to India, China, North Africa and Spain. Then halfway into France before stopped by Charles Martel in the Battle of Tours in 732

  19. Abbasid Dynasty (750-1258) • Built Bagdad, included Arabs of many nationalities. Persians led the gov. bureaucracy, the Turks led in the army and the Arabs controlled the law and religions life. • -

  20. Seljuk Turks • First hired to fight for them and eventually took over. Defeated the Byzantines in the Battle of Manzikirt in 1071. • When they took over Palestine, Pope Urban II called the first crusade (attempt of the West to “Free the Holy Land from the Muslims”) This significantly increased the animosity between Christian and Muslims.

  21. Mongols (12th century) • Invaded China then eastward to the middle East • A setback ofr the culturly advanced Islamic civilizations. Many in the Middle East converted to Islam.

  22. Ottoman Turks • (name comes from their leader, Osman) • Eventually squeezed by the Europeans and the Persians. • In 1683 The Polish king John III Sobieski defeated them at Vienna. • Without

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