Psychology Finals Review

1. Psychology Finals Review Fall 2013

2. Observing subjects in their natural setting without getting involved is called. • naturalistic observation. • participant observation. • correlation. • observer bias. • creepy.

3. 2. Any factor that is able to change is called a • control factor. • placebo. • correlation. • variable. • experimental factor

4. 3. When an investigator (you) manipulates one or more factors to observe their effect (what they do) on some behavior or mental process while controlling other relevant factors by random assignment of subjects, this is called a(n): • Case study • Experiment • Survey • Correlation • Naturalistic Observation

5. 4. A hypothesis is a(n): a. Testable prediction that gives direction to research. b. way to organize facts. c. process of linking facts to deeper principles. d. set of principles that explains newly discovered facts. e .passion to explore and understand without misleading or being mislead

6. 5. The following is an example of an operational definition: • he is stressed and doesn’t adjust to his environment. • he engages in academic time by attending to material and task, making the appropriate response, and asking for assistance in an appropriate manner. • she shows empathy and can understand the other person’s feelings. • all of the above. • none of the above.

7. 6. Which of the following correlation coefficients reflects the weakest correlation? • +1.10 • -.64 • +.35 • -.10 • +.63

8. 7. Consistently, we find low self-esteem is often related with high levels of depression. This means: • low self-esteem causes depression. • depression causes low self-esteem. • low self-esteem and depression are caused by a third factor. • they are correlated but this does not prove causation. • they prove causation due to their strength of relationship.

9. 8. Dr. Schulte wants to investigate if aggressive behavior in children is increased if they view violent videos. In this instance, the dependent variable is: • violent videos. • aggressive behavior. • a placebo. • viewing the videos. • the children viewing the videos

10. 9. In an experiment, the group of participants who are NOT exposed to the treatment of interest is in the: • control group. • independent group. • placebo group. • experimental group • dependent group

11. 10. Let’s say your hypothesis is that chocolate causes violent behavior. What should you do first clear up any questions about your hypothesis so others know what you are trying to research? • Create an independent variable • Create an dependent variable • Identify any confounding variable • Operationally define these terms • Randomly assign your subjects

12. 11. Most common type of study in psychology. It measures correlation, it is cheap and fast, but has a low-response rate would be known as • a survey. • a correlation. • a case study. • a naturalistic observation. • a experiment.

13. 12. This describes the strength between two variables. • central tendency • frequency distribution • scatterplot • correlation coefficient • mean

14. 13. Any research that observes, records and does not talk about relationships, it just describes it is called: • illusory correlation. • experimental research • descriptive research • correlational research • replication

15. 14 Mr. Soda found and was looking for in his experiment that more Americans enjoyed Coke than Pepsi. He blindfolded 100 people, had them taste each and then report. For better and more accurate results to prove Coke is better than Pepsi (though not true), you would recommend that Mr. Soda: • should use other colas, too. • should have tested non-Americans. • should test many more subjects. • should have some test 7-up. • incorrectly tell the subjects what they are tasting to see if they agree.

16. 15 Seeing what one expects to see such as Students at Coastal Academy are “bad”. I knew it would be that way. I saw children argue and threaten each other, curse frequently, and disrespect their teachers multiple times (never seen anyone do that at Glynn Academy) What would this be called? • Reactivity • Observer bias • Hindsight bias • Anthropomorphizing • Overconfidence

17. 16. Attributing one’s own mentalstates to those studied—including non-human organisms and artifacts is called: • Reactivity • Observer bias • Hawthorne effect • Anthropomorphizing • Barnum Effect

18. 17. __________________ said our personality is based on three structures, id, ego, and superego.. • Carl Rodgers • Sigmund Freud • Abraham Maslow • B.F. Skinner • William James

19. 18. This researcher was considered the Mac Daddy of Operant Conditioning. He was a nurture guy through and through. • Carl Rodgers • John Watson • Wilhelm Wundt • B.F. Skinner • William James

20. 19. __________________ was the leader in the functionalist movement. • Wilhelm Wundt • Jean Piaget • Sir Francis Galton • William James

21. 20 The first psychological laboratory was established by: • Wilhelm Wundt. • Sigmund Freud. • John Locke. • B.F. Skinner. • William James

22. 21. This psychologist stated that as humans we need genuineness, acceptance and empathy for us to grow. A. Sigmund Freud B. Wilhelm Wundt C. John Watson D. William James E. Carl Rodgers

23. 22. This psychologist studies the structure and function of the brain as they relate to specific psychological processes and behaviors. A. Evolutionary Psychologist B. Clinical Psychologist C. Forensic Psychologist D. Health Psychologist E. Neuropsychologist

24. 23. This psychologist focuses on how biological, social and psychological things influence physical well being. • Evolutionary Psychologist • Developmental Psychologist • Forensic Psychologist • Health Psychologist • Neuropsychologist.

25. 24. The part of a sending neuron that is responsible for the transmission (communication) of neural messages to the other receiving neurons is called the: • dendrites • synapse • neurotransmitters • axon terminal • cell body

26. 25. Voluntary movements, such as writing with a pencil, are direct by the: • sympathetic nervous system • parasympathetic nervous system • somatic nervous system • autonomic nervous system • endocrine system

27. 26. Following a head injury, a person has ongoing difficulties staying awake or paying attention. Most likely, the damage occurred to the: • medulla • hippocampus • corpus callosum • reticular formation • cerebellum

28. 27. What part of the brain is found at the base of the brainstem and controls heartbeat and breathing? • Pituitary gland • Medulla oblongata • Reticular formation • Cerebellum • Thalamus

29. 28. The parietal lobes are to ____________ as the temporal lobes are to _____________. • hearing; sensing movement • seeing; sensing touch • sensing pleasure; sensing pain • sensing touch; hearing • speaking; hearing

30. 29. If you fell backwards and hit the back of your head very hard on a concrete sidewalk (ouch!), you can expect to have problems with which of the following? (Hint: Think where the lobes are located.) • tasting • thinking • seeing • hearing • talking

31. 30. Damage to the temporal lobe of the brain would be most harmful to the career of • a gymnast • an architect • a painter • a teacher • a musician

32. 31. The knee-jerk reflex or pulling a hand from a stove burner is controlled by interneurons in the: • limbic system • spinal cord • brainstem • cerebellum • frontal lobe

33. 32. Branching fibers extending out from the cell body to receive information from other neurons are called: • axons. • glial cells. • dendrites. • axon terminals. • neurotransmitters

34. 33.What structure is found in the hindbrain? • Hippocampus • Cerebellum • Amygdala • Hypothalamus • Corpus callosum

35. 34.The medulla oblongata is to the control of ____________ as the cerebellum is to the control of ______________. • eating; sleeping • breathing; walking • emotion; motivation • memory; attention • hearing; seeing

36. 35. So you got chopped blocked (yeah, I said chopped blocked!!!!) in the back of your neck and then you couldn’t make your facial expressions, you may have damaged your: • medulla oblongata (cooool!!!!!). • pons. • cerebellum. • hypothalamus. • amygdala

37. 36. When Coach Knowles brought the thunder, Ali learned to fear volleyball spikes because of this traumatic event. When Ali’s fear was acquired there was probably a significant amount of neural activity in • her amygdala • Wernicke’s area • her hypothalamus • her temporal lobe • her sensory cortex

38. 37. After Sam’s stroke, he had difficulty hearing and is unable to see as well. He likely had damage to his: • occipital and frontal lobes. • frontal lobe and temporal lobes. • parietal and frontal lobes. • temporal and occipital lobes. • parietal and occipital lobes

39. 38. In an attempt to look comfortable and relaxed as he was speaking with his significant other (my extra ID), Neil placed his hand casually down on the counter top, but he misjudged his place in the kitchen and placed his palm of his hand on a hot stove burner (a major loss of cool points). His hand immediately recoiled before he knew it was hot (but he would soon know). The sequence of this reflex is: • motor neurons, interneurons, sensory neurons • sensory neurons, interneurons, motor neurons. • sensory neurons, motor neurons, interneurons. • interneurons, sensory neurons, motor neurons. • interneurons, motor neurons, sensory neurons.

40. 39. The ability to voluntarily move your skeletal muscles resides (located) in what system. • para-somatic nervous system • autonomic nervous system • somatic nervous system • sympathetic nervous system • parasympathetic nervous system

41. 40. Dr. Knowles was conducting an experiment on the effects of stimulating the rewards centers of a rat’s brain. Inadvertently, he inserted an electrode into this part of the brain causing the rat to attack his fellow rat mates. The ensuing carnage (massacre) was epic, like a scene from the movie 300. • thalamus • sensory cortex • amygdala • hypothalamus • hippocampus

42. More detailed picture of brain using magnetic field to knock electrons off axis. • A combination of these scans • Measures how much of a chemical the brain is using (usually glucose consumption) when performing a task. • 3D X-Ray of the brain. Good for tumor locating, but tells us nothing about function. • Detects brain waves through their electrical output and is used mainly in sleep research. 41.Electroencephalogram (EEG) 42. Computerized Tomography (CT) 43. Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) 44. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) 45. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

43. 46. The best way to detect enlarged fluid-filled brain regions in some patients who have schizophrenia is to use a(n): • EEG • MRI • PET scan • Brain lesion • X-ray

44. 47. An adolescent’s occasional impulsive and immature behavior (Joe, that language was uncalled for) is at least partly a reflection of the last brain area to mature, the: • frontal cortex. • temporal lobes. • sensory cortex. • parietal lobes. • motor cortex

45. 48. We have a 24 hour biological clock and our body temperature and awareness changes throughout the day. What is this called? • daily regimens. • circadian rhythms. • sleep-wake cycles. • lunar cycles. • biological timer

46. Addiction and physical drug dependence involves these two factors: • Tolerance and Withdrawal • Drug Type and Amount • Quantity and Frequency • Psycho-Activity and Abuse • Drug Type and Frequency

47. Which of the following is an amphetamine that acts as a mild hallucinogen? • Marijuana • Nembutal • Ecstasy • LSD • Xanax

48. The large slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are called: • Alpha Waves • Beta Waves • Delta Waves • Theta Waves • Sleep Spindles

49. Deep sleep appears to play an important role in: • Viral Infections • Sleep Apnea • Paradoxical Sleep • Dissociation • Restoration

50. What part of the brain is responsible for the neural impulses in Activation Synthesis Theory of dreams • Medulla oblongata • Pons • Cerebellum • Forebrain • Hypothalamus