Which of the following situations show learning?

1. Chapter 6: Learning Warm Up! Which of the following situations show learning? • Glen sees his sister get grounded for staying out too late so Glen doesn’t stay out late. • Fluffy the cat gets a treat when she sits up on command so Fluffy sits up when she is asked to. • Daniel gets sick soon after eating sausages so he never eats sausages again. • All of the above.

2. Chapter 6: Learning Warm Up! Which of the following situations show learning? • Glen sees his sister get grounded for staying out too late so Glen doesn’t stay out late. • Fluffy the cat gets a treat when she sits up on command so Fluffy sits up when she is asked to. • Daniel gets sick soon after eating sausages so he never eats sausages again. • All of the above. Please turn to your neighbor and discuss the answer. Can you decide what “learning” is? Be prepared to discuss!

3. Chapter 6: Learning Warm Up! A candidate for governor of New York State once mailed trash-scented campaign flyers to discourage people from backing Democrats. He was most likely trying to use ___________ to influence voting. A. operant conditioning B. learned helplessness C. classical conditioning D. observational learning

4. Chapter 6: Learning Warm Up! A candidate for governor of New York State once mailed trash-scented campaign flyers to discourage people from backing Democrats. He was most likely trying to use ___________ to influence voting. A. operant conditioning B. learned helplessness C. classical conditioning D. observational learning Please turn to your neighbor and discuss the answer. Can you decide what “learning” is? Be prepared to discuss!

5. Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn? Think-Pair-Share Two types of non-associative learning Please turn to your neighbor and describe an example of each of these two types of non-associative learning in your life. Please be prepared to discuss your examples!

6. Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn? Did You Get It? The tag on the back of Michael’s shirt is very itchy. He keeps scratching his back and pulling at the tag, but it continues to bother him. Michael is most likely experiencing • associative learning. • sensitization. • learning by watching. • habituation.

7. Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn? Did You Get It? The tag on the back of Michael’s shirt is very itchy. He keeps scratching his back and pulling at the tag, but it continues to bother him. Michael is most likely experiencing • associative learning. • sensitization. • learning by watching. • habituation. Why is this the correct answer?

8. Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn? Did You Get It? Libby is drawing. She places her red pencil behind her ear to use another colored pencil. After a minute Libby doesn’t feel the pencil behind her ear anymore and she forgets it is there. Libby is most likely experiencing • learning by watching. • sensitization. • habituation. • associative learning.

9. Section 6.1: What Are the Three Ways We Learn? Did You Get It? Libby is drawing. She places her red pencil behind her ear to use another colored pencil. After a minute Libby doesn’t feel the pencil behind her ear anymore and she forgets it is there. Libby is most likely experiencing • learning by watching. • sensitization. • habituation. • associative learning. Why is this the correct answer?

10. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Class Activity Han takes a shower in his family’s new apartment. He gets the water perfect—not too hot, because that hurts! Then Han hears his son flush the toilet. The water gets very hot, which makes Han feel a lot of pain. After this happens a few times, Han feels afraid when he hears a toilet flush while he is in the shower. How did Han learn to feel afraid? Use this graphic to help you figure out the four steps in the classical conditioning of Han.

11. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Step 1 is • hot water. • the toilet flushing. • feeling pain. • feeling afraid.

12. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in Step 1 is • hot water. • the toilet flushing. • feeling pain. • feeling afraid. Why is this the correct answer?

13. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the unconditioned response (UCS) in Step 1 is • the toilet flushing. • hot water. • feeling afraid. • feeling pain.

14. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the unconditioned response (UCS) in Step 1 is • the toilet flushing. • hot water. • feeling afraid. • feeling pain. Why is this the correct answer?

15. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Step 4 is • feeling pain. • the toilet flushing. • feeling afraid. • hot water.

16. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus (CS) in Step 4 is • feeling pain. • the toilet flushing. • feeling afraid. • hot water. Why is this the correct answer?

17. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) in Step 4 is • the toilet flushing. • hot water. • feeling afraid. • feeling pain.

18. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? When Han is subject to classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) in Step 4 is • the toilet flushing. • hot water. • feeling afraid. • feeling pain. Why is this the correct answer?

19. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Class Activity Four steps in Han’s classical conditioning:

20. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? Recall the story about Han’s being classically conditioned. Soon, Han notices that when he is in the shower and hears water running through the pipes, he feels afraid. Han is now most likely experiencing learning through • spontaneous recovery. • stimulus generalization. • extinction. • stimulus discrimination.

21. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? Recall the story about Han’s being classically conditioned. Soon, Han notices that when he is in the shower and hears water running through the pipes, he feels afraid. Han is now most likely experiencing learning through • spontaneous recovery. • stimulus generalization. • extinction. • stimulus discrimination. Why is this the correct answer?

22. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? Now Han has had enough! He asks his son to flush the toilet many times when Han is showering with very cold water so that Han no longer feels afraid of the toilet flushing. Han is attempting to perform on himself a learning procedure called • spontaneous recovery. • stimulus generalization. • extinction. • second-order conditioning.

23. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Did You Get It? Now Han has had enough! He asks his son to flush the toilet many times when Han is showering with very cold water so that Han no longer feels afraid of the toilet flushing. Han is attempting to perform on himself a learning procedure called • spontaneous recovery. • stimulus generalization. • extinction. • second-order conditioning. Why is this the correct answer?

24. Section 6.2: How Do We Learn by Classical Conditioning? Quick Write Please take two minutes to write an example of classical conditioning in your life. Be sure to include the four steps and all key terms in the process. Feel free to use these two examples as inspiration. Be prepared to discuss your example. Are you ever classically conditioned about food? Are you classically conditioned to respond to scary music in a movie like Jaws?

25. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Think-Pair-Share Four types of operant conditioning Please turn to your neighbor and describe an example in your life of each of these four types of operant conditioning. Please be prepared to discuss your examples.

26. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Lisa is a kindergarten teacher who wants her students to cooperate with each other. So, when the students help each other, Lisa praises them. The students soon help each other more, as a result of • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment.

27. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Lisa is a kindergarten teacher who wants her students to cooperate with each other. So, when the students help each other, Lisa praises them. The students soon help each other more, as a result of • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment. Why is this the correct answer?

28. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Giovanni’s dog Luna won’t heel. To teach him to heel, Giovanni puts a choke chain and a leash on the dog somewhat tightly and goes for a walk. When Giovanni says “Heel” and Luna walks next to him, Giovanni loosens the choke chain. Now Luna heels much more often than before, due to • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment.

29. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Giovanni’s dog Luna won’t heel. To teach him to heel, Giovanni puts a choke chain and a leash on the dog somewhat tightly and goes for a walk. When Giovanni says “Heel” and Luna walks next to him, Giovanni loosens the choke chain. Now Luna heels much more often than before, due to • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment. Why is this the correct answer?

30. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Jill gets mad when her roommate, Brenda, uses Jill’s stuff. Lately, when Jill catches Brenda using her stuff, Jill will play very loudly a song that Brenda hates. Now, Brenda is using Jill’s stuff much less, due to the effect of • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment.

31. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Jill gets mad when her roommate, Brenda, uses Jill’s stuff. Lately, when Jill catches Brenda using her stuff, Jill will play very loudly a song that Brenda hates. Now, Brenda is using Jill’s stuff much less due to the effect of • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment. Why is this the correct answer?

32. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Fred racked up a $200 cell phone bill from his texting last month, and his parents are furious. They take away his phone for two weeks to teach him that he must reduce his texting. Fred’s parents are using • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment.

33. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Fred racked up a $200 cell phone bill from his texting last month, and his parents are furious. They take away his phone for two weeks to teach him that he must reduce his texting. Fred’s parents are using • positive reinforcement. • negative reinforcement. • positive punishment. • negative punishment. Why is this the correct answer?

34. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Think-Pair-Share Four schedules of reinforcement Please turn to your neighbor and describe an example of each of these four schedules of reinforcement in operant conditioning in your life. Please prepared to discuss your examples!

35. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Quick Write Please take two minutes to explain how to encourage learning in the following situations. 1. Angelina is a 4-year-old who rarely says please or thank you, but you want her to do this! 2. Billy always talks in class, and you want him to stop this. Choose the most appropriate: • method of reinforcement • schedule of reinforcement Be prepared to explain why they will work.

36. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? After the 15th of the month, Alicia looks at her bank account and is always excited to see her paycheck deposited. Alicia receives her paycheck on a __________ schedule. • fixed interval • variable interval • fixed ratio • variable ratio

37. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? After the 15th of the month, Alicia looks at her bank account and is always excited to see her paycheck deposited. Alicia receives her paycheck on a __________ schedule. fixed interval variable interval fixed ratio variable ratio Why is this the correct answer?

38. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Timmy is trying to get a toy that comes in some boxes of breakfast cereal. He keeps opening boxes of cereal, knowing that if he opens enough boxes, he will eventually find a toy. Timmy is being reinforced on a __________ schedule. • fixed interval • variable interval • fixed ratio • variable ratio

39. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Did You Get It? Timmy is trying to get a toy that comes in some boxes of breakfast cereal. He keeps opening boxes of cereal, knowing that if he opens enough boxes, he will eventually find a toy. Timmy is being reinforced on a __________ schedule. • fixed interval • variable interval • fixed ratio • variable ratio Why is this the correct answer?

40. Section 6.4: How Do We Learn by Watching Others? Think-Pair-Share Two types of learning by watching others Please turn to your neighbor and describe an example of each of these three types of learning-by-watching in your life. Please be prepared to discuss your examples!

41. Section 6.4: How Do We Learn by Watching Others? Quick Write Please take two minutes to write an example of vicarious conditioning in your life. Be sure to include information about the reinforcement and the punishment. Feel free to use the sibling example as inspiration. Be prepared to discuss your example. If you have a sibling, perhaps you have experienced vicarious conditioning.

42. Section 6.3: How Do We Learn by Operant Conditioning? Muddy Points Please write on an index card one question you want answered.