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Your Body’s Defense

Your Body’s Defense. Physical Defenses. First line of defense Skin Hair Mucous Cilia Saliva Tears Sweat Digestive tract. Skin. Protects from micro-organisms entering the body Open cuts/ sores provide entrance Cells die and are shed. Sweat. Our body has many sweat glands

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Your Body’s Defense

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  1. Your Body’s Defense

  2. Physical Defenses • First line of defense • Skin • Hair • Mucous • Cilia • Saliva • Tears • Sweat • Digestive tract

  3. Skin • Protects from micro-organisms entering the body • Open cuts/ sores provide entrance • Cells die and are shed

  4. Sweat • Our body has many sweat glands • Sweat is released to control body temp • Sweat contains acids that kill pathogens

  5. Mucous Membranes • Moist linings around all entrances to body • Covered with mucous • Mucous = sticky substance • Mucous traps pathogens • Mucous is released from body

  6. Saliva & Tears • Contain enzymes that fight pathogens • Tears wash away foreign substances

  7. Cilia • Tiny hair-like structures • Trap pathogens • Help remove mucous from body

  8. Digestive Tract • Moves pathogens out of body • Acids/ chemicals in digestive tract • Mouth/Esophagus/ Stomach/ intestines • Chemicals kill pathogens

  9. Second Line of Defense • Occurs after pathogen enters the body • Inflammation

  10. Inflammation • 1st stage of healing • Increased blood flow to area • Increased size/ temperature/ redness • Caused by dilation of blood vessels

  11. Phagocytes • Blood brings phagocytes & chemicals • Phagocytes = white blood cells • Digest pathogens, dead cells, waste • Chemicals • Kill pathogens & start tissue healing

  12. Immune System • Last line of defense • Lymphatic system, lymph nodes, lymph, lymphocytes • Lymph nodes store and filter lymph • Lymph - fluid containing lymphocytes • Lymphocytes - white blood cells

  13. Lymphocytes • B-cells & T-cells • T-cells • Produce interferon- warns cells about pathogen • Kill some pathogens directly • B-cells create antibodies • Antibodies bind to pathogens/ toxins until phagocytes find them

  14. Immunity • Active Immunity-body creates antibodies • Through sickness of immunization • Immunization/ vaccine – injected with small amount of pathogen • Passive Immunity-passed from mother to child through birth or breast milk

  15. Treatment • Antibiotics – kill living organisms • Treat bacterial infections only • Fungus are treated with cream or topical treatment

  16. Treatment of Virus • Anti-viral can stop a virus from reproducing • Most viruses are fought by our immune system with… • Rest • Proper diet • Water

  17. Prevention • Eat well-balanced meals. • Get enough rest. (8 hours) • Get exercise. (30 minutes at least 3-4 x week) • Wash hands/ shower. • Keep hands out of eyes and mouth. • Have regular physicals/ dental visits.

  18. Prevention • Get vaccinated • Don’t share utensils, glasses, cups etc. • Avoid sick people. • Avoid stress. Use stress management techniques. • Find time to relax.

  19. Questions

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