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Nanopore

Outline. IntroductionSpace applicationsOperational modelDesign philosophyPlanar GeometryPorous GeometryNew Multi p-n Junction designsFuture directions. Types of nuclear batteries. . P-N Junction BetavoltaicUtilize direct conversion of beta emission in a PN junction. ThermoelectricConversion

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Nanopore

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    1. Nanopore/Multilayer Isotope Batteries Using Radioisotopes from Nuclear Waste N. Luo[1], B. Ulmen[2] and George H. Miley[3] (Speaker) University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 [1] Visiting Research Assistant Professor, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, 104 S. Wright, AIAA Member. [2] Graduate Student, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, 104 S. Wright. [3] Professor, Department of Nuclear, Plasma and Radiological Engineering, 104 S. Wright, Associate AIAA Fellow.

    2. Outline Introduction Space applications Operational model Design philosophy Planar Geometry Porous Geometry New Multi p-n Junction designs Future directions

    3. Types of nuclear batteries

    4. P-N junction betavoltaic battery Long-lived (with suitable isotope choice) Completely solid-state No maintenance Low power but high power density Direct nuclear-to-electric conversion

    5. Space applications Low power but extremely long lived electrical power source Long duration missions where solar power is not an option (outer planetary missions, landers, etc.) Independent power source that could have its output current tailored to the application On-chip nanopower source Trickle charge for Li-ion

    6. Operation model Similar principle as a solar cell Uses nuclear beta decay to produce electron-hole pairs in semiconductor P-N junction.

    7. Design philosophy Semiconductor selection Isotope selection Depletion depth Maximum radioisotope thickness

    9. Choosing the radioisotope

    10. Reference planar /nano-pore design uses Ni 63 New multi-layer design is an extension of this work to allow the use of higher energy beta emitters such as Sr 90 obtained from nuclear waste We discuss the basic Ni 63 design first.

    11. Determining depletion depth

    12. Self-absorption of beta particles

    15. Preliminary Results – Planar Battery

    16. Electron Beam Induced Current

    17. EBIC results

    18. Porous design

    20. Fabrication of Porous Silicon

    21. Fabrication of Porous Battery

    22. Recent Studies of New Multi-p-n-junction designs Objectives Increase efficiency Allow use of other isotopes such as Sr

    23. Benefits: potentially high efficiency Drawbacks: difficult to materialize; many steps in silicon processing; relatively low yields. Multi-p-n-junction Options, (1) with pores

    31. Work in Progress Porous battery operation Parametric study of the effect of depletion region depth on voltage and current Develop rigorous model of device operation

    32. Acknowledgements

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