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Ethnic conflicts, genocide, & terrorism increased throughout the world

This article explores the increase in ethnic conflicts, genocide, and terrorism worldwide, with a focus on the role of de-colonization, nationalism, and religious territoriality. It also examines specific case studies such as the conflicts in Rwanda, Chechnya, Yugoslavia, and Northern Ireland. Contending theories on the driving forces behind ethnic hatred are discussed.

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Ethnic conflicts, genocide, & terrorism increased throughout the world

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  1. Ethnic conflicts, genocide, & terrorism increased throughout the world

  2. De-colonization - NationalismEthnicity and Politics

  3. National Congruence Desire for state boundaries to match ethnic boundaries Ethnicity: an ethnic group; a social group that shares a common and distinctive culture, religion, language, or the like

  4. State response: Coercion • Genocide • (extermination) • 800,000 Tutsis killed in Rwanda, 1994. • Ethnocide • (forced assimilation) • Hungarian sign defaced in Romania. • Turks forced to change names in Bulgaria.

  5. Religious Territoriality States defined by religion and religious law (Theocracy) Israel ISIS Iran

  6. Other Issues • Ethnic Unrest • After Soviet Union fell, underlying issues in region bubbled to top • Two were ethnic unrest, need for new governments • One example of ethnic unrest took place in Chechnya, in Caucasus region • Azerbaijan • Early 1990s, another example of ethnic conflict occurred when ethnic Armenian minority sought to break away from country of Azerbaijan • Tens of thousands died in fighting that followed • Chechnya • Chechnya considered part of Russia • When Chechens tried to gain independence from Russia, dispute led to bloody fighting, insurgency that still affects region today

  7. Chechens Yeltsin orders Russian forces into Chechnya DOCUMENTARY https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6LJTZ--yGSk http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/yeltsin-orders-russian-forces-into-chechnya Russians flatten Grozny capital of Chechnya, 2000 Russia attacks Chechen Muslims (state territoriality)

  8. SIX REPUBLICS OF YUGOSLAVIA Controlled by Soviet Union: Eastern Europe - 1945-1991 Croatia, Slovenia (Catholic) Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia (Orthodox) Bosnia (Muslim) Kosovo (Muslim part of Serbia)

  9. Ethnic cleansing • Forced removal of an ethnic group To make area ethnically “pure” Serbs expelled from Croatia 1995 Albanians expelled from Kosovo (Serbia), 1999

  10. Bosnia (Serbs vs. Muslims vs. Croats) Same race, spoken language Different religion, script, “ethnic” group Intermarried, cooperated, 1950s-80s; At war 1990s Muslim and Serb refugees From Sarajevo

  11. Former Yugoslavia Today

  12. Ethnic minority regions in the new Russia Russians fear one secession would spread to all

  13. Northern Ireland (Catholics vs. Protestants) http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/bloody-sunday-in-northern-ireland Religion and economic class https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFM7Ty1EEvs

  14. Northern Ireland (Catholics vs. Protestants) IRA Irish Republican Army (Catholic)

  15. Contending Theories Ethnic hatred is always there; politics can keep a “lid” on it Ethnic hatred is a “tool”, used for political and economic power

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