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THOMAS PAINE

COMMON SENSE. THOMAS PAINE. Кузнецова Елена, Темурян Кристина, 2ЛМКК, 2 англ преп. THOMAS PAINE. BIOGRAPHY. Born in 1737, Norfolk, England Died in 1809, New York, the USA Father - a Quaker, mother - Anglican Education - enough to read and write

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THOMAS PAINE

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  1. COMMON SENSE THOMAS PAINE Кузнецова Елена, Темурян Кристина, 2ЛМКК, 2 англ преп

  2. THOMAS PAINE BIOGRAPHY • Born in 1737, Norfolk, England • Died in 1809, New York, the USA • Father - a Quaker, mother - Anglican • Education - enough to read and write • Was a corset maker, then an officer on the excise • Two brief marriages

  3. MOVING TO AMERICA • No success in England • Meets Benjamin Franklin, who gave him letters of introduction • 1774 - Paine arrives in Philadelphia • Writes articles for the Pennsylvania Magazine • 1776 - Common Sense is published in response to the Battles of Lexington and Concord • 1776-1783 - 16 papers of Crisis

  4. LIFE IN AMERICA • 1777 - Paine is appointed secretary to the Committee For Foreign Affairs - forced to resign after a conflict • 1779 - clerk of the General Assembly of Pennsylvania • 1780 - Public Good • Refused to accept any profits from his writings => poverty stricken => pleaded for financial aid => 500$ and a farm • Concentrates on inventions

  5. LIFE IN EUROPE • 1787 - Paine goes to Europe • Reflections on The Revolution in France published • 1791-1792 - Rights of Man published in two parts • Declared an outlaw, moves to France • Imprisoned, publishes Age of Reason (two parts, 1794-1796) • 1797 - his last great pamphlet, Agrarian Justice, is published

  6. LAST YEARS • 1802 - Paine returns to the US • Poor, ill, occasionally drunk • Considered an infidel • Died in 1809 • In 1819 his remains were lost

  7. COMMON SENSECHAPTERS 2 & 3

  8. THOMAS PAINE SUPPORTED THE REVOLUTIONARY IDEAS IN AMERICA AND EUROPE AND WAS THE MOST RADICAL REPRESENTATIVE OF THE AMERICAN ENLIGHTENMENT MOVEMENT. PAINE WAS A FIREBRAND AND HIS MOST FAMOUS AND INFLUENTIAL ESSAY IS THE “COMMON SENSE” – A PAMPHLET, WHICH APPEARED ON JANUARY 10 IN 1776 AND, AS WE SAY TODAY, IT WENT VIRAL.

  9. In this pamphlet he argues that the representational government is superior to a monarchy or any other forms of government based on aristocracy and hereditary succession.

  10. CHAPTER 2, “OF MONARCHY AND HEREDITARY SUCCESSION”WE’D LIKE TO HIGHLIGHT THE FOLLOWING KEY ISSUES: • “Government by kings was introduced into the world by the Heathens…It was the most prosperous(successful) invention the Devil ever set on foot for the promotion of idolatry” • Monarchy is considered to be one of the major sins of the Jews and is the institution that the Bible and the God condemn. • The summary of the lection- After Gideon- a military leader-scored the victory over the Midianities, the Jews offered him to become their king and proclaim some sort of hereditary succession to the throne(“Rule thou over us, thou and thy son and thy son’s son”). Gideon refused as saying “The Lord shall rule over you” • Then after some time, the Jews “fell again into the same error”. They refused to be under the God’s reign, that’s why the Lord sent thunder and rain upon them.

  11. Paine ensures us that monarchy as such is a “degradation of ourselves….and hereditary succession – an insult on the descendants” • According to Paine, most wise men have ever treated hereditary right with contempt. • “England, since the conquest, hath known some few monarchs, but groaned beneath a much larger number of bad ones”.( For example, a French “bastard” William the Conqueror)

  12. The question- “How did the kings come into existence at first” • - By lot • By election • By usurpation • which exclude the possibility of hereditary succession • The original sin and hereditary right are parallels. “It opens a door to the foolish and wicked people”, that’s why it has “the nature of oppression”. “Selected from the rest of mankind their minds are early poisoned by importance”.

  13. The history of England is striking example of the inability of the monarchy to preserve “a nation from civil wars”.( a war between the houses of York and Lancaster) • Some monarchs have no business at all. “The nearer any government approaches to the republic the less business there is for a king ”

  14. IN THE THIRD CHAPTER – “THOUGHTS ON THE PRESENT STATE OF AMERICAN AFFAIRS”- PAINE SETS IN TO DISCUSS THE DETAILS OF THE AMERICAN SITUATION. • Paine has a firm belief that the colonies bear losses from Great Britain and America would have flourished much more, if she had no European power over it. • “We have boasted the protection of Great Britain, without considering, that her motive was interest not attachment, that she did not protect us from our enemies on our account, but from her enemies on her own account ” • Some people say that “Britain is the parent country”-but “even savages don’t make war upon their families”. It implies, that Great Britain is a mortal enemy of America.

  15. Paine reckons that Europe is the parent country of America and “all Europeans meeting in America” are countrymen • People fled to the New World “from the cruelty of the monster”. • The plan of America is to establish effective commercial relationships with the rest of the world, but, in this way, there’s “no single advantage that this continent can reap, by being connected with Great Britain”. • So it’s time to part.

  16. Paine has no intention to exaggerate the truth, he just wants to reveal the truth and stop painting a rosy picture. • The authority of Great Britain will sooner or later come to an end • It has to be said that Paine reassures the audience that when it comes to “government matters, it’s not on the power of Britain to do this continent justice”. For instance, it’s ridiculous to “be always running…miles…with a tale or petition, waiting four or five months for an answer”.

  17. “ In no instance has nature made the satellite larger than its primary planet”- which means that Great Britain can’t take possession of America, being far smaller than the New World. • If America remains under the control of Great Britain ,it will go backwards. • “Only a continental form of government can keep the peace of the continent”.

  18. “Let a continental conference be held”, the members of which “should frame a Continental Charter” • Paine proclaims that “The law is king” • Nowadays “every spot of the world is overrun with oppression. Freedom hath been hunted round the globe”

  19. QUESTIONS • Where was Paine born? • What was his first job? • Why did he go to the US? • In response to what battles was Common Sense published? • Why did Paine resign from the Committee for Foreign Affairs? • What did he do in Europe? • Was Paine wealthy? Why? • Where are Paine’s remains now?

  20. What was the most successful invention of the Devil? • What are the drawbacks of monarchy, according to Thomas Paine? • What country is called “the cruel monster”? • Why can’t Great Britain take possession of America, according to Paine? • Continue the phrase: “The law is ….”

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