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Colonial Diversity: New England, Middle, Southern Colonies & Backcountry

Explore the distinct regions of the English colonies with their unique characteristics, from the Puritans of New England to the diverse Middle Colonies and the plantation economy of the Southern Colonies. Learn about the Great Wagon Road, Backcountry settlers, and the importance of education and land ownership in shaping colonial life. Discover the Great Awakening and Enlightenment that paved the way to revolution.

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Colonial Diversity: New England, Middle, Southern Colonies & Backcountry

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  1. Chapter 4 The English Colonies 1600-1763

  2. The Colonies • New England: • Rhode Island • Connecticut • Massacusetts • New Hampshire • Maine and Vermont • Puritans/Pilgrims; land rocky and not good for farming, long winters; participated in triangular trade.

  3. The Colonies • Middle Colonies: • New York • New Jersey • Pennsylvania • Delaware • Settled by Quakers, Dutch, Irish, Germans etc, very diverse. Area supported shipping and commerce; broad valleys, milder winters and rich soil and grew cash crops. Slaves are 7% of the population at this time.

  4. The Colonies • Southern Colonies • Maryland • Virginia • North and South Carolina • Georgia • Settled by the French Protestants and Catholics. Coastal Plains area provide for a long growing season that made growing cash crops ideal. This created a Plantation Economy and Society and need for slaves. Slaves are 40% of population at this time.

  5. What role did the Church of England play in the colonies? • The New England Colonies were founded primarily by groups of people that felt they were being persecuted (punished) because of their religious beliefs. They left England to find a place where they could freely practice their religion!

  6. How did the Puritan’s work ethic affect the Colonies? They lived quiet, simple lives, spending a lot of their time praying, reading the Bible, and listening to sermons. Puritans wore plain clothes and lived in plain houses. They went to church a lot (all day on Sundays and often on other days too). They thought that God wanted them to work very hard and be very serious. Puritans did not have parties. They did not listen to music, or dance. They did not celebrate holidays, not even Christmas or Easter. Because of their strong work ethic, they were successful in creating lasting settlements founded on hard work and strong religious beliefs.

  7. What 3 kinds of trade did the New England Colonies participate in? • (1) Trade with other colonies • (2) Trade with Europe • (3) Triangular trade with Africa, Europe, and the Americas.

  8. The Hudson and Delaware Rivers supported shipping and commerce. Farmers could also grow cash crops in this area. This caused cities to grow rapidly in this area. Why did the Middle Colonies become home to large urban trading centers?

  9. The warm, extended growing season made it an ideal location to grow cash crops and the plantation economy and society was established. The widespread growth of slavery (40% of the population) and their strict slave code laws made this part of the country unique. What made the Southern Colonies different from the other colonies?

  10. What was the Great Wagon Road? • The Great Wagon Road was the main highway of the colonial Backcountry. It was a north-south trail along the eastern edge of the Appalachian Mountains. It was once the trail used by the Indians. They called it the Warrior’s Path.

  11. What is the Backcountry and what types of people settled in the Backcountry? • This was the poor people settled. People who were not wealthy or well-connected settled here. They were honorable people, willing to work hard. They measured success by land ownership.

  12. Why was land ownership important to the colonists? • Land ownership granted political rights and social rank. Most of these people could not own land in England, so land ownership was a powerful attraction for these settlers. Remember: • God • Gold (this meant land as well as gold) • Glory

  13. What role did education play in the colonies? • Most children were taught to read so they could read the Bible. • They attended Dame Schools until about age 6. • Wealthier children had private tutors. • The college educated were usually the leaders in the communities. (politics, ministers, landowners, merchants) • Colleges did not admit women. • It was illegal to teach enslaved Africans to read.

  14. What two movements paved the way to revolution? • 1730-1740; The Great Awakening: This was a time of intense religious enthusiasm. Ministers traveled the colonies teaching that inner religious emotion was more important than outward religious behavior. • 170-1740; The Great Enlightenment: This was more of a cultural movement that emphasized reason and science as the path to knowledge rather than religion. This appealed more to the wealthier, more educated men.

  15. Other Important Details • Cash crops: tobacco, cotton, indigo, and rice. • Indentured servants and apprentice • George Whitfield and Bethesda Home for Orphans • John Locke • Stono Rebellion

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