Presenters Ms. Kamala Gyawali Mr. Ram Bahadur Chand Mr. Krishna Prasad Khatiwada

1. A Presentation On Gender Issues Presenters Ms. Kamala Gyawali Mr. Ram Bahadur Chand Mr. Krishna Prasad Khatiwada

2. Good Morning

3. Topics to Present • Women Issues • Poverty, Economic, Employment, Education & Health Issues • Violence against women, Women in armed conflict • Women in decision making level and Institutional mechanism Copy and print on both sides of paper.

4. We will Discuss • Relevance of Problem • Key Gains • Organization working for women • Key Government and Non Government Initiations • Acts, Regulations and Conventions • Existing Gaps • Issues and Challenges • Recommendations Copy and print on both sides of paper.

5. Relevance of Problem • Where is the problem? • Everywhere • Not only in Mid west and far west development region • and slum areas of cities Copy and print on both sides of paper.

6. Relevance of Problem • Who are the victims? • specially women and girls Copy and print on both sides of paper.

7. Relevance of Problem • What are the causes of the problems? • Illiteracy • Ignorance • Lack of responsibility of government • Lack of knowledge and skill • Tricky I/Ngos Programs • Political instability • Lack of commitments of bureaucrats Copy and print on both sides of paper.

8. Relevance of Problem • What are the causes of the problems? • Tendency of dependency • Weaknesses of law implementation • Superstitions (religious, cultural and traditional) • Caring Economy • Patriarchal Decision making of society • Practically, no ownership exercise of property mobilization and utilization Copy and print on both sides of paper.

9. Key Gains • Equal rights of voting • Co-education and especial provision of scholarship for girls • Constitutional provision of 33% reservation at state • Women rights as fundamental right • Ratification of CEDAW • Equal property rights • Declaration of non violence year 2010 Don’t waste food.

10. Organizations working for Women • Ministry of Women, Children and Social Welfare, • Department of Women Development, • Women Development Offices (at 75 Districts) • National Women's Commission • Ministry of Health and Population, • Department of Health Service • National Planning commission • Unicef • ILO • United Nations Funds for Women Development (UNIFEM) • Approximately ten thousand I/NGOs working different parts of country Don’t waste food.

11. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Economic and Social • Health • Armed conflict • Decision Making • Education • Employment • Violence Against Women Don’t waste food.

12. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Economic and Social • Government of Nepal gives a 25 percent discount on land registration fees for women. • (35% land has been registered in the name of women; Jhapa, dhanusha & Gorkha; Manang) : - Kantipur2066, Jeth 23 Don’t waste food.

13. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Economic and Social • Government of Nepal with the aforementioned special measures aims to combat domestic violence and enhance women’s economic status. The Government of Nepal has adopted a holistic approach to ensure women’s sustainable real property rights via education related measures whereby women can fully enjoy their rights. Don’t waste food.

14. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Economic and Social • Special attention has been given to the women • Progress in savings and credit programs for the economic and social empowerment of women is encouraging. • Government programs are targeted for the welfare of suppressed, extremely poor, landless dalit, marginalized and madheshi women. Don’t waste food.

15. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Economic and Social • Interim Constitution says “No one shall be discriminated in any form merely for being a women” • The Chaupadi practice was challenged through the case of DilBahadurBishwokarma v. HMG where the Supreme Court on 1st May,2004 (2062-01-19 B.S.) declared the practice as discriminatory against women and a violation of women’s human rights and also issued an implementation guidelines to the Government. Don’t waste food.

16. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Economic and Social • Council of Ministers has already declared Chaupadi as the worst form of social practices. • Ministry of Women, Child and Social Welfare has developed a ‘zero tolerance policy’ on violence against women. Don’t waste food.

17. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Health • Due to the effectiveness of law and consciousness of parents, people don't get married in young age. That's why, the problem facing by women by getting married in early age is reducing. It also proves that the decrease of death of mother and child. It still need more people to make conscious about it. Don’t waste food.

18. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Health • The Ministry of Women, Child and Social Welfare has been implementing programs to empower adolescent girls and advocate their rights to education and health as well as to end discriminations against the girl child in all 75 districts. Don’t waste food.

19. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Health • Article 20 of current constitution provides that the constitutional guarantee is more specific on women’s right to reproductive health. • Article 22 of current constitution provides the rights to nourishment, basic health and social security of children which is equally applicable to girl child. Don’t waste food.

20. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Health • To reduce the risks associated with pregnancy and childbirth and address the deferral, three major strategies have been adopted in Nepal. (24 hours emergency obstetric care services, promoting the use of skilled birth attendants at every birth, promoting birth preparedness and complications readiness, particularly the availability of blood, transport and money) Don’t waste food.

21. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Health • National Safe Motherhood Plan (2002-2017) • The revised Safe Motherhood and National health long term plan (2006-2017) • The government has introduced a Comprehensive Abortion Care (CAC) • Maternity Incentive Scheme Don’t waste food.

22. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Armed Conflict • Clause 7.6 of the Comprehensive Peace Accord (CPA) incorporates the rights of women and children whereby ‘both sides fully agree to provide special protection to the rights of women and children to immediately prohibit all types of violence against women and children, including child labour, as well as sexual exploitation and harassment, and not include or use children who are below eighteen years. Children so affected shall be rescued immediately and necessary and appropriate assistance shall be provided for their rehabilitation.’ Don’t waste food.

23. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Armed Conflict • Government of Nepal has adopted a plan of action and other measures to ensure participation in the process of conflict resolution and peace building. • Current status of women representation in the Constituent assembly is 197, which can be taken as significant achievement in the political mainstreaming of women and their involvement in peace building process. Don’t waste food.

24. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Armed Conflict • Ministry of peace and reconstruction and United nations development fund for women (UNIFEM) are jointly implementing a project entitled “Capacity building Initiative for Increased Women’s Participation in Governance, Peace and Security”. Don’t waste food.

25. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Armed Conflict • The Ministry of Peace and Reconstruction has prepared a concept paper to develop strategic guidelines to ensure effective protection mechanisms for women and girls against all forms of violence including sexual violence and the meaningful participation of women in peace process, including in transitional and post conflict period. Don’t waste food.

26. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Decision Making • The interim constitution addresses the gender issue in its preamble and guarantees and inclusive and proportionate representations of women in the restructuring of the state. • All political parties should nominate 33 percent of the candidates in Constituent Assembly through both First Past the Post (FPTP) and Proportional representation (PR) election systems. Don’t waste food.

27. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Education • Remarkable achievements have been made in education in order to meet commitment towards ‘Education for All (EEA) by 2015’ • Reaffirming the Free and Compulsory Education Plan of Action (2001-2015) • Government has echoed “Basis of New Nepal, Education as Universal Fundamental Right” Don’t waste food.

28. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Education • The National Plan recognizes that “No girl should be deprived of school education due to her economic condition, caste/ethnic, religious or linguistic background. • Government of Nepal has developed “Gender Responsive Budget” Don’t waste food.

29. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Employment • Interim Constitution guarantees the fundamental right to employment, including social security. Part IV of the constitution also enshrines the state obligation and state policies within the framework of basic means of subsistence. • Ratification of ILO convention 169 further ensures the rights of indigenous ethnic groups where women of such community will also be benefited. Don’t waste food.

30. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Employment • Unifemis supporting the Government of Nepal to advance the principle of promoting safe migration and ensuring rights of women migrant workers since 2002. • Migration policy is being designed. Don’t waste food.

31. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Violence Against Women • Ministry of Women, child and Social welfare and Ministry of Local Development in partnership with I/NGOs are conducting various awareness programs, including trainings for both men and women regarding the elimination of all forms of discrimination, exploitation and gender related violence based on traditional cultural practices. Don’t waste food.

32. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Violence Against Women • More girls are sent in government schools and boys are in private boarding schools • Constitution explicitly states “The principle of inclusiveness shall be taken into consideration while selecting the candidates by the political parties.” • The second amendment (August 2007) in the Civil Service Act, 1993 (2049 B.S.) and changes in the Civil Service Regulation, 1994 (2050 B.S.) include special inclusive measures in the recruitment process. (20% seats for women) Don’t waste food.

33. Key Government and Non Government Initiatives: • Remarks • Despite a lot of initiatives taken for the protection and promotion of human rights of women, the rights of dalit women, women with disabilities, ethnic minorities and the once infected with HIV/AIDS are yet to be fully realized. • The value of women’s role in decision making is yet to be fully realized. Don’t waste food.

34. Acts, Regulations & Conventions • Acts • Human trafficking control act, 1986 • Domestic Violence (Control and Punishment) Act 2009 • Foreign Employment Act, 2007 • Regulations • Human trafficking and Transportation (Control) Regulation, enacted in Nov 2008 • Conventions • Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against women 1979 • Convention on the Suppression of Immoral Trafficking and Protocol, 1949; • Convention on the Right of the Child etc. including SAARC regional convention Don’t waste food.

35. Existing Gaps • Not to be equal status of women with men (economically, socially, politically and culturally) • Value system of male and female • Not to be effective implementation of laws, policies, plans and programs • Lack of empowerment Don’t waste food.

36. Issues & Challenges • Women Trafficking • Protecting human rights of women • Women trafficking • Discriminatory Cultural Practices • Participation of women in decision level of peace process • Gender approach in peace (shanti sthapana ma laingikdristikon) • Insufficient political commitment • Weak Institutional capabilities of delivery and regulatory mechanism • Lack of awareness of Information Technology • Internal Trafficking Don’t waste food.

37. Issues & Challenges • Education • Early marriages and the social obligation of marriage and the expectation of bearing children are major impediments to women’s advancement in education and career jobs. • School Drop out • Low number of female teachers Don’t waste food.

38. Issues & Challenges • Employment • Right to equality in employment • Use of women labour in income generating activities • Reproductive role of women is often found not being acknowledged with necessary measures at the employment sectors Don’t waste food.

39. Issues & Challenges • Health • Poverty • Matternal Health • Family Planning • HIV/AIDS • Early marriages • Fertility • Giving birth before reaching the age of 18 • Breastfeeding and Nutrition Don’t waste food.

40. Issues & Challenges • Economic and Social • Armed conflict and displacement • Opportunities have been lost • Cross border human trafficking • Labour exploitation Don’t waste food.

41. Issues & Challenges • Economic and Social • Armed conflict and displacement • Opportunities have been lost • Cross border human trafficking • Labour exploitation Don’t waste food.

42. Recommendation • We should educate the women by formal and non-formal education and implement effectively the Policies, laws, plans and programs. • We should give equal opportunity and access as well as participations at governmental and non-governmental sectors and Institutions. • Equal Property Rights should be given, empower the women and recognize the works value of caring economy • State and Civil society both should take the responsibility • To make powerful to the women at least respecting the human rights and Human laws. • Develop indicator based monitoring strategies Don’t waste food.

43. THANK YOU Drive slower.