Chapter 4: Mental Disorders and Suicide

1. Chapter 4:Mental Disorders and Suicide What Are Mental Disorders? Kinds of Mental Disorders Suicide Treating Mental Disorders

2. What Are Mental Disorders?Recognizing Mental Disorders • __________ __________: an illness that affects the mind and prevents a person from being productive, adjusting to life situations, or getting along with others. • Most mental disorders are characterized by ____________ thoughts, feelings, or behaviors that make people uncomfortable with themselves or at odds with others.

3. Statistics • An estimated _________ percent of Americans ages 18 and older about ________adults suffer from a diagnosable mental disorder in a given year _____million people • About 20 percent of children are estimated to have mental disorders

4. Signs of a mental disorder usually occur __________ and over a long period of time Signs are not always easy to identify What is______ behavior in one culture may not be in another There are more than____ types of mental disorders which are recognized 1 in ___ children in the US suffer from a mental disorder severe enough to cause some level of impairment Children are defined as those under the age of 18 What Are Mental Disorders?Recognizing Mental Disorders

5. Kinds of Mental DisordersAnxiety Disorders • ___________ ___________is a condition in which real or imagined fears are difficult to control. • Characterized by ________ ________ • People with this disorder often arrange their lives to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful. • There are four main types of anxiety disorders

6. ANXIETY DISODERS • _______________________________ • Characterized by chronic fear… • People with this disorder often arrange their lives to avoid situations that make them feel anxious or fearful. • There are four main types of anxiety disorders: 1. Phobic Disorder 2. 3. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder 4.

7. 1. Phobic Disorder _________: Anxiety related to a specific situation or object – heights, , spiders, etc. How might fears affect normal living? 2. Panic Disorder Has an ___________ feeling of terror – feelings accompanied by symptoms such as trembling, pounding heart, shortness of breath, dizziness. This fear gets in the way of a person’s ability to enjoy life Kinds of Mental DisordersAnxiety Disorders

8. Acrohobia Agoraphobia Algophobia Astrophobia Claustrophobia Cynophobia Hydrophobia Monophobia Nyctophobia Ophidophobia Thanatophobia Xenophobia Zoophobia Belonephobia Heights Open or public places Pain Stars/Space Small Spaces Dogs Water Being Alone Dark/Night Snakes Death and dying Strangers Animals Needles COMMON PHOBIAS

9. Anxiety Disorders 3. Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder • ______________: an idea or thought that takes over the mind and cannot be forgotten • ______________: repeated, irresistible behaviors • Repetitive behaviors such as • Hand washing, counting, cleaning

10. Types of Anxiety Disorders • 4. __________________ stress disorder - a condition that may result after exposure to a terrifying event that threatened or caused physical harm. • The disorder is common after a personal assault –____, ________, __________, ______________, _________________. • Symptoms: flashbacks, nightmares, emotional numbness, guilt, sleeplessness

11. Kinds of Mental DisordersAffective Disorders • AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: . • It is normal to feel depressed if you experience an important loss or failure • The feeling usually lifts after a couple of days or weeks and you can get on with your life

12. CLINICAL DEPRESSION: Can be caused by stressors Negative attitudes learned early in life may also contribute Anyone who shows signs of clinical depression should seek help from a parent, teacher, guidance counselor, physician, or mental health professional. Signs of Clinical Depression Change in appetite With weight loss or gain Change in sleep patterns Difficulty sleeping or sleeping too much Loss of interest or pleasure in usual activities Loss of energy, feeling tired all the time Difficulty thinking or concentrating - Kinds of Mental DisordersAffective Disorders

13. Kinds of Mental DisordersAffective Disorders Bi - Polar • Bipolar disorder is a serious mental illness. People who have it experience dramatic mood swings. They may go from overly energetic, "high" and/or irritable, to sad and hopeless, and then back again. They often have normal moods in between. The up feeling is called mania. The down feeling is depression. • During a manic episode • Overly excited • Rapid talking which is impossible to follow • Difficulty concentrating • May over spend on a shopping spree • Manic episodes alternate with periods of deep depression

14. Schizophrenia- • Unusual thoughts or perceptions • Disorders of movement • Difficulty speaking and expressing emotion • Problems with attention, memory and organization

15. Eating Disorders- Anorexia Nervosa • Psychological pressures, possible genetic factors, and an obsession with body image and thinness can lead to an eating disorder. :____________ ____________ A serious eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat enough food to maintain a minimum normal body weight • Symptoms: • Intense fear of gaining weight (even when underweight) • Denial of the seriousness of low body weight • Intense or excessive exercise as another means of controlling weight

16. Eating Disorders • Psychological pressures, possible genetic factors, and an obsession with body image and thinness can lead to an eating disorder.

17. ANOREXIA NERVOSA • A serious eating disorder in which a person refuses to eat enough food to maintain a minimum normal body weight • http://www.facetheissue.com/anorexia.html • Some people with anorexia lose weight by dieting and exercising excessively; others lose weight by misusing laxatives

18. ANOREXIA NERVOSA • Symptoms: • Extreme loss of body weight • Intense fear of gaining weight (even when underweight) • Denial of the seriousness of low body weight • Infrequent or absent menstrual periods (women) • Avoiding meals • Intense or excessive exercise as another means of controlling weight • Slowed heart and breathing rates • Lowered body temperature • Dry skin • Brittle hair and nails • In some cases, a lack of essential minerals may cause the heart to stop suddenly, leading to death

19. Other Symptoms: Slowed heart and breathing rates Lowered body temperature Dry skin Growth of fine body hair In some cases, a lack of essential minerals may cause the heart to stop suddenly, leading to death An estimated .5% to 3.7% of females suffer from anorexia in their lifetime An estimated 5-15% of people with anorexia are males Anorexia Nervosa

20. Eating Disorders- Bulimia • _____________: A serious eating disorder in which alternates eating binges with purging • Bulimia is ________ prevalent than Anorexia • Difficult to diagnose • Public behavior appears normal • Bulimic behavior occurs in private • Most Bulimics do not become dangerously underweight

21. Serious health effects Dehydration and kidney failure Enamel on teeth erodes Vitamin and mineral deficiencies Depression leading to suicide or substance abuse Symptoms Eating uncontrollably Using the bathroom frequently after meals Bloodshot eyes Sore throat Weakness/ exhaustion Vomiting blood Depression/ Mood swings Heartburn, bloating, indigestion, constipation Eating Disorders- Bulimia

22. Enamel erosion of all teeth Increased occurrence of cavities Braces and restorations may not stay on teeth Teeth become discolored Bleeding of the gums Physical changes in the mouth are often the 1st signs of an eating disorder Eating Disorders- Bulimia

23. The Desire to be Thin _____of 1st grade girls want to be thinner ______ of 10 year olds are afraid of being fat Most models are thinner than ______ of American women The avg. American woman is 5’4” and 140lbs. The avg. American model is 5’11” and 117 lbs. Dieting ______ of 9 and 10 year old girls feel better about themselves if they are on a diet ______of all dieters regain the lost weight in 1-5 years Americans spend over $_____billion on dieting and diet products every year Statistics on Eating Disorders

24. If You Have An Eating Disorder Tell someone you trust You will need support It is an addiction If You Do Not Get Help Death from malnutrition Dangerous heart rhythms Dental Problems Liver failure Hair loss Worried about a Friend? Express your concern in a loving and supportive way Tell someone Avoid giving simple solutions Express your CONTINUED support What to do about a friend that has an Eating Disorder

25. Warning Signs to look for • If you notice a family member or friend with the following symptoms consider talking to him or her about these issues with compassion: • low self-esteem • severe dieting • frequent overeating • hoarding of food • dissatisfaction with appearance

26. For Additional Information • National Eating Disorders Association (NEDA) • www.nationaleatingdisorders.org • American Dietetic Association (ADA) • www.eatright.org • National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) • www.nimh.nih.gov • Teen Health • www.teenshealth.org

27. Same signs as __________ Loss of energy Change in sleep patterns Withdrawal from usual activities ___________ changes in personality Outgoing becomes withdrawn Shy person becomes aggressive __________ depression Actions Stops doing things he/ she enjoys Gives away belongings Decline in school performance Things person says “I don’t want to live anymore.” “They’ll be sorry when I’m gone.” Suffered a ______ _______ Moving to a new place Losing boyfriend/ girlfriend Friend/ family member dies Going through family divorce Signs can be ___________ Someone who has been severely depressed suddenly becomes happy and carefree May think person is better and over the depression Why might they really be happy? SuicideThe Warning Signs

28. People who talk about suicide ________ attempt it FACT: Suicide victims often talk about suicide before attempting it If you _______ a suicidal person to go ahead and do it, the person is not likely to attempt suicide FACT: Daring the suicidal person may only convince them that no one cares and may strengthen the person’s resolve to commit suicide Suicidal people are always tired, sad, and inactive FACT: Some suicidal people, teenagers in particular, may become overly active and aggressive before attempting suicide If people try to take their own lives and do not succeed, they usually will not try to do it again FACT: Suicide victims often have a history of several suicide attempts SuicideMyths and Facts

29. If a suicidal person confides in you and makes you promise not to tell anyone of his/ her plans to commit suicide, it is important to keep the secret, NO MATTER WHAT! FACT: By sharing the secret with a parent, teacher, or other responsible adult you may save the person’s life If a depressed, suicidal person suddenly seems better, you do not need to worry. FACT: A suicidal person’s sudden shift in mood from depressed to happy may indicate that he/ she has resolved to commit suicide and needs help Suicide attempts should be kept secret because the information could ruin a suicidal person’s future FACT: The suicidal person may have no future unless the person seeks professional help SuicideMyths and Facts

30. SuicideStatistics • Who dies from suicide more often, men or women? • More _____ than ________ die from suicide • Gender ratio is 4:1 • 73% of all suicides are white males • 80% of all firearm suicides are white males • What is the ______ leading cause of death among people aged 15- 24 • _____________

31. DO Trust your feelings if you believe the person is suicidal Take seriously a suicidal person’s threats Tell the suicidal person how concerned you are and how much you care about him/ her Talk calmly with the suicidal person – show interest and compassion Find professional help for the suicidal person Stay with the suicidal person until help arrives DO NOT Dare the suicidal person to go ahead and make the attempt Judge the suicidal person Analyze the suicidal person’s motives Argue or try to convince the suicidal person of reasons why he/ she should not attempt suicide Keep the suicidal person’s self- destructive thoughts or actions a secret Leave a suicidal person alone SuicideHow to Help a Suicidal Person

32. SuicideHelping Yourself • If you have been feeling depressed, remember that no matter how overwhelming the problems in life may seem, _______________________________. • Knowing some specific symptoms of mental disorders can help a person determine if he or she should seek help - you feel trapped with no way out –you worry all of the time - your feelings affect your sleep, eating habits, school work, or relationships - Your family and friends express concern about your behavior – aggressive, violent, reckless - you are becoming involved with alcohol/drugs

33. Treating Mental Disorders • Most people wait _____________ to seek help • Where to find help • Often, a parent, relative, teacher, school counselor, physician, or religious leader can tell you about mental health professionals` and services in your community. • There are different type of mental health professionals that are capable of different treatment methods. They may include both counseling and a drug treatment plan. • Asking for help is not a sign of weakness – it is a sign of strength as it show responsibility for one’s own wellness.