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REVIEW

This review covers key concepts of work, power, and machines, including definitions and calculations. Learn how machines make work easier and the importance of mechanical advantage and efficiency. Discover the six basic types of simple machines and their ideal mechanical advantages. Explore the role of levers, pulleys, and compound machines.

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REVIEW

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  1. REVIEW Work Power and Machines

  2. What Is Work? Key Concepts • Work is done on an object when the object moves in the same direction in which the force is exerted. • The amount of work done on an object can be determined by multiplying force times distance. • Power equals the amount of work done on an object in a unit of time.

  3. What Is Work? Key Terms • work • joule • power

  4. How Machines Do Work? Key Concepts • A machine makes work easier by changing at least one of three factors. A machine may change the amount of force you exert, the distance over which you exert your force, or the direction in which you exert your force. • A machine’s mechanical advantage is the number of times a machine increases a force exerted on it. • To calculate the efficiency of a machine, divide the output work by the input work and multiply the result by 100 percent.

  5. How Machines Do Work? Key Terms • machine • input force • output force • input work • output work • mechanical advantage • efficiency

  6. Simple Machines Key Concepts • There are six basic kinds of simple machines: the inclined plane, the wedge, the screw, the lever, the wheel and axle, and the pulley. • You can determine the ideal mechanical advantage of an inclined plane by dividing the length of the incline by its height. • The ideal mechanical advantage of a wedge is determined by dividing the length of the wedge by its width. • The ideal mechanical advantage of a screw is the length around the threads divided by the length of the screw.

  7. Simple Machines • The ideal mechanical advantage of a lever is determined by dividing the distance from the fulcrum to the input force by the distance from the fulcrum to the output force. • You can find the ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle by dividing the radius of the wheel by the radius of the axle. • The ideal mechanical advantage of a pulley is equal to the number of sections of rope that support the object. • Most of the machines in your body are levers that consist of bones and muscles. • The ideal mechanical advantage of a compound machine is the product of the individual ideal mechanical advantages of the simple machines that make it up.

  8. Simple Machines Key Terms • inclined plane • wedge • screw • lever • fulcrum • wheel and axle • pulley • compound machine

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