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SC.912.L.14.7

SC.912.L.14.7. Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes. Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: leaves. Function of Leaves Make food through photosynthesis Site of gas exchange Respiration Photosynthesis Store food.

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SC.912.L.14.7

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  1. SC.912.L.14.7 • Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes

  2. Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: leaves • Function of Leaves • Make food through photosynthesis • Site of gas exchange • Respiration • Photosynthesis • Store food

  3. Tissues of the Leaf: Epidermis • Stomata • Openings in the epidermis mainly located on the underside of leaves • Allow for exchange of gases (CO2, O2, H2O) • Guard Cells • Two cells located on each side of stomata • Opens and closes stomata • Cuticle • Waxy substance that covers the leaves & stems • Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants • Transparent to allow light to enter for photosynthesis

  4. Tissues of the Leaf: Mesophyll Layer • Palisade mesophyll • Primary site of photosynthesis • Spongy mesophyll • Contains air & chloroplasts • Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

  5. Tissues of the Leaf • Vascular Bundles • Transport system • Called veins • Found in spongy mesophyll • Two Forms • Phloem moves food from leaf to the rest of the plant • Xylem moves water & minerals up from the roots to the leaves

  6. Leaf Tissue organization

  7. Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: stems • Function of Stems • Movement of materials • Water & minerals from roots to leaves • Manufactured food from leaves to roots • Support leaves & reproductive structures • Food storage

  8. External Stem Structure • Terminal Bud • Bud on the end of the stem. • Axillary Lateral Bud • Bud on the side of the stem.

  9. Internal Stem Structure • Xylem • The tissue that transports water & nutrients up from roots to stems & leaves. • Phloem • Tissue that transports food down from leaves to roots. • Cambium • Thin, green, actively growing tissue located between bark & wood and produces all new stems cells.

  10. Internal Stem Structure Bark • Old, inactive phloem. Heartwood • Old, inactive xylem. Sapwood • New, active xylem.

  11. Specialized Types of Stems • Corms • Underground stem • Solid, fleshy, scale covered • Bulb • Layers of fleshy scales that overlap each other • Underground stem • Stolens • Stem that grows horizontally above the soil surface • Tubers • Food Storage Area • Short, thick underground stem • Rhizomes • Underground stems that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above ground Corms Bulbs Stolons Tubers Rhizomes

  12. Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: Roots • Functions • Anchors the plant • Absorbs water & minerals • Stores food

  13. Different Types of Roots • Tap Roots • One main root, no nodes • Ideal for anchorage • Penetration is greater for water and food storage • Aerial Roots • Clinging air roots • Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems and fasten plant to a support • Absorptive air roots • Absorb moisture from the air • Fibrous Roots • Many finely branched secondary roots • Shallow roots cover a large area • More efficient absorption of water & minerals • Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion • Adventitious Roots • Develop in places other than nodes • Form on cuttings & rhizomes Tap Aerial Fibrous Adventitious

  14. Parts of Roots • Root Cap • Indicates growth of new cells • Root Hairs • Tiny one celled hair-like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of roots. • Increase surface area. • Absorb water & minerals.

  15. Internal structure of Roots Much Like Those Of Stems With Phloem, Cambium And Xylem Layers • Phloem • The outer layer. • Carries food down the plant. • Xylem • The inner layer. • Carries water & minerals up to the stem.

  16. Identify the principal organs and tissues of seed plants: Flowers • Functions • Contain the sexual organs for the plant. • Produces fruit, which protects, nourishes and carries seeds. • Attracts insects for pollination.

  17. Parts of the Flower Petals • Brightly colored • Protects stamen & pistils. • Attracts pollinating insects. • Collectively called the corolla. Sepals • Outer covering of the flower bud. • Protects the stamens and pistils when flower is in bud stage.

  18. Flower reproduction The STAMEN is the male reproductive part. It is made up of • Anther • Produces pollen which fertilize the ovules • Filament • Supports the anther The PISTIL is the female reproductive part. It is made up of • Ovary • Enlarged portion at base of pistil • Produces ovules which develop into seeds • Stigma • Holds the pollen grains during fertilization • Style • Connects the stigma with the ovary • Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated pistil

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