SC.912.L.14.3

1. SC.912.L.14.3 By Daniel Auli

2. What is SC.912.L.14.3 • Compare and Contrast the structures found in plant cells and in animal cells • Compare and contrast the structures found in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells • Describe how structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell • Explain the role of the cell membrane during active and passive transport

3. Compare and Contrast Plant and Animal cell structures • A plant cell has a vacuole. This is a sac in which the cell stores water and nutrients. An animal cell has no vacuole as it does not make its own food and therefore does not need to store these nutrients in that way. • A plant cell has chloroplasts. These are the instruments in which photosynthesis occurs (the process of plants making their own food), and where the pigment chlorophyll comes from, which makes the plant green. An animal cell has no chloroplasts as it does not need to make its own food.

4. Plant and Animal structures cont. • Both plant and animal cells have a nucleus. The nucleus controls the function of the cell and what takes place in it. All cells need this control. • Both plant and animal cells have a cytoplasm. The cytoplasm is what fills up the cell and gives it shape. Many important metabolic reactions take place in the cytoplasm. All cells need these reactions to occur. • The animal cell has a cell membrane and the plant cell has a cell wall. Both perform the same main function - they are a semipermeable membrane that controls the entry and exit of gases and substances to and from the cell. The cell wall, however, is more rigid and thick, while the cell membrane is more flexible and is thinner. • The animal cell membrane is thin and flexible because the animal gets its strength from the skeleton structure of the animal. However, the plant does not have a bone structure, so its strength must come from the cellular level. The thick and rigid cell wall provides this strength.

5. Compare and ContrastProkaryotic and Eukaryotic cells • Prokaryotic cells are organisms without a cell nucleus or any other membrane-bound organelles. • Eukaryotes are organisms whose cells are organized into complex structures by internal membranes and a cytoskeleton.

6. How structures in cells are directly related to their function in the cell • Surface to volume ratio keeps it at the right size to conduct cellular business. Which also allows for a smooth connection between each part of the cell.

7. The role of the cell membrane during Active and Passive transport • During Active transport a cell uses energy to transport materials to other parts of the cell. During Passive transport the cell membrane can facilitate diffusion (such as larger macromolecules) through channel proteins

8. Plant cells and Animal cells

9. Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cells