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Camera calibration program in the United States: past, present, and future. U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey. Background:. USGS camera calibration responsibility Responsibility transferred to the USGS in 1973 Laboratory calibration using multi-collimators
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Camera calibration program in the United States: past, present, and future U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Background: • USGS camera calibration responsibility • Responsibility transferred to the USGS in 1973 • Laboratory calibration using multi-collimators • Calibration instrument designed for metric 230- x 230-mm film-base aerial cameras Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Background: • Evolution of digital technology: • Photogrammetric scanners over fifteen years ago • Small-format cameras being used for years by a small sector of the mapping community • Large-format aerial cameras have been in development for years and have emerged • Non-optical sensors playing a bigger role • 1-meter and sub-meter products from satellites Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Background: • USGS failure to be prepared for digital cameras resulted in: • Lack of experience with digital cameras • Lack of instrumentation to continue calibrations • Lack of upgrade strategy from analog to digital • Lack of standards and policies Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Complicating issues: • Inability to perform laboratory calibration on small format digital cameras • Different designs of digital cameras • Different hardware/software solutions • Integration of cameras with other systems such as IMU and airborne-GPS equipment Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
The bottom line for calibration: • Ensuring quality of the end-product But: • Who does it? • How is it done? Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Current approval authorities: • For now: • USGS (cameras) • USGS and other agency contracting offices (product characterizations) • Future may include: • Government-approved independent evaluators/consultants • UL-type organization Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
How? • Component calibration (camera calibration) • System calibration (LIDAR systems) • Process evaluation (error budget analysis) • Product characterization (satellite products) • ISO certification (quality management plan) Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
USGS camera calibration efforts: • Stabilization of analog calibration instrument • Development and installation of interim calibration capability for small-format cameras • Development of in-situ calibration site and software Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Analog calibration: Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Analog calibration: • Maintain current policy • Continue to provide camera calibrations on a cost recovery basis Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Interim digital capability at EDC: Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Interim digital capability: • Testing stability of calibrations with USGS camera • Calibration of other cameras on a research basis • Comparison of results with other laboratory calibration methods • Comparison of results with in-situ calibration approach Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
In-situ calibration: • Initial operating capability to include site preparation, software development, and testing with USGS camera • Operational testing with other cameras for comparisons in stability • Extension of software to allow other in-situ sites Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Product Characterizations over NASA Stennis Test Range SSC Remote Sensing Radial Target and Edge Response Targets Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Product Characterizations: • Performed under USGS/NASA agreement • First round funded by USGS • Data acquisition over Stennis test site • Data provider generates end-product to be evaluated (e.g., 1-foot resolution DOQ) • NASA performs evaluation • USGS provides acceptance letter Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Future work: • Perform radiometry testing • Comparison of calibration methods • Evaluation of product characterizations • Development of in-situ calibration standards • Development of related standards Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop
Contact information: • George Lee, USGS, 650-329-4255, gylee@usgs.gov • Greg Stensaas, USGS, 605-594-2569, stensaas@usgs.gov • Vicki Zanoni, NASA, 228-688-2305, vzanoni@ssc.nasa.gov Radiometric and Geometric Calibration Workshop