Major Animal Phyla

1. Major Animal Phyla Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata

2. Phylum Poriferasponges • Have no definite shape – asymmetrical; • No tissues or organs • Colony of specialized cells • Immobile • Good powers of regeneration • Skeleton of spongin and spicules

3. CLASSES OF SPONGES • Class Calcarea – has calcium carbonate spicules • Class Hexactinellida – glass sponges with spicules of silica • Class Demospongiae – no spicules, only spongin

4. SPONGE ANATOMY

8. Barrel sponge

9. Vase sponge

10. Tube sponge

11. Venus Flower Basket

12. Phylum Cnidariastinging-celled animals • Jellyfishes, corals, anemones • Radial symmetry • Two tissue layers with inner mesoglea • Primitive nerve net but no brain • 2-way digestive tract • Stinging cells for capturing food.

13. CLASSES OF CNIDARIANS • Class Hydrozoa – Hydra, Portuguese-Man-of-War, Obelia; mostly polyp or hydroid stage • Class Scyphozoa – true jellyfishes; mostly medusa stage • Class Anthozoa – corals, anemones • Class Cubozoa – box jellies

14. CLASS HYDROZOA Hydra

15. CLASS SCYPHOZOA

16. Moon jelly

17. CLASS ANTHOZOA

18. Sea anemone

19. Aggregating anemones

20. Anemone

21. Coral polyps

22. Coral reef

23. CLASS CUBOZOA

24. Phylum Platyhelminthesflatworms • First animals to exhibit bilateral symmetry • Have primitive brain • 3 tissue layers • Includes free-living flatworms and parasitic flatworms (tapeworms, flukes)

25. CLASSES OF FLATWORMS • Class Turbellaria – free-living flatworms • Class Cestoda – tapeworms • Class Trematoda - flukes

27. Flatworm

28. Flatworm

29. Flatworm

30. Tapeworm head (scolex)

31. Liver fluke

32. Phylum Annelidasegmented worms • Earthworms, sandworms, leeches • One-way digestive system • Have well-developed digestive and circulatory systems

33. CLASSES OF ANNELIDS • Class Oligochaeta – earthworms, bloodworms; oligo- means “few” and chaeta means a “bristle” or stout hair • Class Polychaeta – many bristles and parapodia (fleshly lobes to “walk” with • Class Hirudinea – leeches (most are NOT bloodsuckers)

34. Christmas tree worm

35. Feather-duster worm

36. Fireworm

37. Nereis – a polychaete

38. Oligochaete

39. Leech

40. Phylum Mollusca-soft bodied animals • includes snails, slugs, nudibranchs, chitons, limpets, clams, oysters, squid, octopus, nautilus, etc. • Either have no shell, one shell, or two shells • Many have hard mouth parts (radula in gastropods, beak in cephalopods).

41. CLASSES OF MOLLUSCS • Class Gastropoda – snails, slugs, conchs, nudibranchs; have either no shell or one shell; name means “stomach foot” • Class Bivalvia – clams, oysters, mussels; have two shells that hinge together • Class Polyplacophora – chitons; snail-like with 8 embedded plates on its back • Class Cephalopoda – squid, octopus, nautilus, cuttlefish; name means “head foot”; well-developed nervous system

42. Nudibranch

43. Nudibranch

44. Nudibranch

45. Chiton

46. Chiton

47. Reef Squid

48. Cuttlefish

49. Blue-ring octopus

50. Chambered nautilus