SENSOR / TRANSDUCER

1. SENSOR / TRANSDUCER Busran

2. Pre • Apakah Sensor Itu?? • ApakahTransduseritu????? • BerikangambaranImplementasi Sensor/Transduser

3. Definisi • Sensor adalah piranti yang mentransform (mengubah) suatu nilai (isyarat/energi) fisik ke nilai fisik yang lain (Electric) • Menghubungkan antara fisik nyata dan industri electric dan piranti elektronika • Di dunia industri berguna untuk monitoring, controlling, dan proteksi • Sering disebut juga dengan Transducer

4. Transducer • Sensor adalah piranti yang mentransform (mengubah) suatu nilai (isyarat/energi) fisik ke nilai fisik yang lain. • Piranti yang memberikan output (yang bisa dipakai) sebagai tanggapan terhadap (measurand) kondisi, kuantitas fisik masukan. • Ada beberapa kategori measurand

5. Sensor • Tidak terbatas pada pengukuran besaran fisik saja, tetapi juga pada kimia, dan biologi

6. Detectable Phenomenon

7. Sensor • Ada 6 tipe isyarat • Mechanical, contoh: panjang, luas, mass flow, gaya, torque, tekanan, kecepatan, percepatan, panjang gel acoustic, dll • Thermal, contoh: temperature, panas, entropy, heat flow • Electrical, contoh: tegangan, arus, muatan, resistance, frekuensi, dll • Magnetic, contoh: intensitas medan, flux density, dll • Radiant, contoh: intensitas, panjang gelombang, polarisasi, dll • Chemical, contoh: komposisi, konsentrasi, pH, kecepatan reaksi, dll

8. Physical Principles • Amperes’s Law • A current carrying conductor in a magnetic field experiences a force (e.g. galvanometer) • Curie-Weiss Law • There is a transition temperature at which ferromagnetic materials exhibit paramagnetic behavior • Faraday’s Law of Induction • A coil resist a change in magnetic field by generating an opposing voltage/current (e.g. transformer) • Photoconductive Effect • When light strikes certain semiconductor materials, the resistance of the material decreases (e.g. photoresistor)

9. Choosing a Sensor

10. Sensor • Sensor mengkonversi dari suatu isyarat input ke suatu isyarat ouput. • Sensor bisa saja menggunakan satu atau lebih pengkonversian untuk menghasilkan suatu isyarat keluaran

14. Diskusi • Apaperbedaanantara Sensor danTransduser? • Isyaratapasaja yang mampudirubaholeh Sensor atauTransduser?

15. Primary Transduction Secondary Transduction measurand Isyarat output Isyarat input Sensor Block Diagram • Blok diagram sensor

16. Passive Sensor • Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat fisik atau kimia ke dalam isyarat yang lain tanpa bantuan sumber energi • Contoh : termocouple • Termocouple menghasilkan tegangan output sebanding dengan suhu pada sambungan termcouple tersebut

17. Active Sensor • Mengkonversi sifat-sifat/isyarat fisik atau kimia ke dalam isyarat yang lain dengan bantuan sumber energi • Merupakan pilihan utama untuk isyarat-isyarat yang lemah/kecil

18. Primary Transduction Secondary Transduction measurand Isyarat output Isyarat input Auxiliary Energy Source Active Sensor • Blok Diagram Active Sensor

19. Analog Output • Active sensor di industri elektronika mempunyai standar isyarat listrik baik analog (berupa tegangan atau arus) maupun digital

20. Digital Output • Computer Based atau Microprocessor

34. Temperature Sensor • Temperature sensors appear in building, chemical process plants, engines, appliances, computers, and many other devices that require temperature monitoring • Many physical phenomena depend on temperature, so we can often measure temperature indirectly by measuring pressure, volume, electrical resistance, and strain

35. Temperature Sensor • Bimetallic Strip • Application • Thermostat (makes or breaks electrical connection with deflection)

36. Temperature Sensor • Resistance temperature device.

37. Accelerometer • Accelerometers are used to measure along one axis and is insensitive to orthogonal directions • Applications • Vibrations, blasts, impacts, shock waves • Air bags, washing machines, heart monitors, car alarms • Mathematical Description is beyond the scope of this presentation. See me during lunch if interested

38. Light Sensor • Light sensors are used in cameras, infrared detectors, and ambient lighting applications • Sensor is composed of photoconductor such as a photoresistor, photodiode, or phototransistor

39. Magnetic Field Sensor • Magnetic Field sensors are used for power steering, security, and current measurements on transmission lines • Hall voltage is proportional to magnetic field

40. Ultrasonic Sensor • Ultrasonic sensors are used for position measurements • Sound waves emitted are in the range of 2-13 MHz • Sound Navigation And Ranging (SONAR) • Radio Dection And Ranging (RADAR) – ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES !!

41. Photogate • Photogates are used in counting applications (e.g. finding period of period motion) • Infrared transmitter and receiver at opposite ends of the sensor • Time at which light is broken is recorded

42. CO2 Gas Sensor • CO2 sensor measures gaseous CO2 levels in an environment • Measures CO2 levels in the range of 0-5000 ppm • Monitors how much infrared radiation is absorbed by CO2 molecules

43. KesimpulandanDiskusi

44. TugasKelompok • Implementasi Sensor dalamDuniaIndustri • Sensor Cahaya, Sensor Berat, Sensor Suhu, Sensor Suara, Sensor Jarak, Sensor Regangan • Makalah : • TeoriPengantar Sensor • RangkaianElektronika Sensor • PrinsipKerja • Algoritma Program dalamImplementasi (Opsional)

45. TugasKelompok • Browsing, Reading, Resuming and Writing • Presentating of Paper

46. HART • Highway Addressable Remote Transducer • Salah satu protocol komunikasi untuk sensor • Untuk remote data acquisition dan kontrol • Standart 4 to 20 mA, Teknik FSK • Digital format : 1200 & 2200 (logic 1 & 0)