Problems

1. Problems • Second Class Citizens! • Political- No Voting Rights / No Government Office • Economic- Not valued in the work place (Restrictions) • Male Monetary Rights • Marriage • Social- Victorian Woman! • Republican Motherhood

2. Social • Some believed women were too frail to handle the turmoil of polling places on Election Day. • Some believed voting would interfere with a woman’s duties at home or destroy families. • Some claimed that women did not have the education or experience to be competent voters. • Others believed that most women did not want to vote, and that it was unfair for suffragists to force the vote on unwilling women. Economic • The liquor industry feared that giving the women the vote would lead to Prohibition. • As women became active in other reform movements, such as food and drug safety and child labor, business owners feared women would vote for regulations that would drive up costs. Churches and clergy members preached that marriage was a sacred bond and the entire family was represented by the husband’s vote.

3. Seneca Falls Convention : The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women’s rights convention in the United States. Delegates had voted to exclude women before the convention started and required them to sit in a sectioned-off area!! Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott Meet In Seneca Falls, NY

4. The Declaration of Sentiments became the blueprint for the women’s rights movement and for the suffrage movement, which soon gained national attention.

5. Woman Abolition Movement 1840s -1865 • After the Civil War, suffragists, who had supported abolition, called for granting women the vote but were told that they should wait. • Many were angered that the Fifteenth Amendment granted voting rights to African American men but not to women. Angelina and Sarah Grimke: Abolitionist Sisters Lydia Maria Child Lucretia Mott (who made her home a station on the Underground Railroad) Sojourner Truth Harriet Tubman

6. 1865 The 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution officially abolished 1868 The 14thAmendment is one of the post-Civil War amendments, also known as the Reconstruction Amendments that was first intended to secure rights for former slaves. It includes the Due Process , Equal Protection Clauses andbroad definition of national citizenship. It requires the states to provide equal protection under the law to all persons not just to citizens. WOMEN???? 1870 The 15th Amendment provides that governments in the United States may not prevent a citizen from voting because of his race, color or previous condition of servitude.

8. At Oberlin, Ohio on May 24,1893 a new American temperance organization was formed.

9. Women Temperance Movement 1893 - 1920 • Progressive women also fought in the Prohibition movement, which called for a ban on making, selling, and distributing alcoholic beverages. • Reformers thought alcohol was responsible for crime, poverty, and violence. • Two major national organizations led the crusade against alcohol. • The Anti-Saloon League • The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), headed by Frances Willard, which was a powerful force for both temperance and women’s rights • Evangelists like Billy Sunday and Carry Nation preached against alcohol, and Nation smashed up saloons with a hatchet while holding a Bible. Congress eventually proposed the Eighteenth Amendment in 1917, prohibiting the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcohol. It was ratified in 1919.

10. Women’s Labor Movement 1870s Unions Fail Women Workers Unions often used power to exclude women from workplace Women were seen as mere auxiliaries to the movement, or worse, as threats to men's jobs.

11. AWSA 1869 American Woman Suffrage Association, with Henry Ward Beecher as President Susan B. Anthony!! Focused solely on winning the vote state-by-state and aligned itself with the Republican Party 1. Rise of the Women’s Suffrage Movement • Women began to see success in the West, as in 1869 the Wyoming Territory granted women the vote, followed by the Utah Territory a year later and five more western states not long after. Susan B. Anthony • Suffrage Movement Split

12. Susan B. Anthony Tests the Law • Susan B. Anthony wrote pamphlets, made speeches, and testified before every Congress from 1869 to 1906 in support of women’s rights. • In 1872 she and three of her sisters registered to vote, voted for a congressional representative in Rochester, New York, and were arrested two weeks later. • Before her trial, Anthony spoke passionately about women’s voting rights, but the judge refused to let her testify on her own behalf and fined her $100. • Anthony didn’t pay the fine, hoping to be arrested so she could be tried through the courts, but the judge did not imprison her. • In 1873 the Supreme Court ruled that even though women were citizens, that did not automatically grant them voting rights, but that it was up to the states to grant or withhold that right.

13. 2. Rise of the Women’s Suffrage Movement 1890s merge! NWSA 1869 (1890) • National Woman Suffrage Association, founded by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony. • Campaigned for a constitutional amendment letting women vote • Dealt with other women’s issues like labor and social reform and supported Victoria Woodhull, the first woman presidential candidate

14. SUCCESS ? • National American Woman Suffrage Assoc. Merger --Split agenda from 1869-1890s • National problem!- women need to be active. • Wanted a Constitutional amendment … eek! • WWI factor Women work in factories! • 19th Amendment / Wilson “Thank You” • Women’s suffrage 1920 • 18th Amendment / Temperance Movement