25.5

1. China And The New Imperialism 25.5 By: Katherine Darnell 2nd hour World History Mr. Delezenne

2. The Trade Issue • Chinese rulers placed strict limits on foreign traders. This restricted merchants. • During these restrictions china created a Balance of Trade (exporting more than importing.) • On the other hand westerners that traded with china had a Trade Deficit (buying more than selling.) • Chinas main export was tea. Herbal tea leaves

3. The Opium War • In the late 1700s British merchants discovered Opium. They started to Sell the opium grown in India to the Chinese because they didn’t want to corrupt their own society and they felt superior towards china. This would create a huge profit for the British. • When the Chinese became addicted to the drug merchants were received silver as their payments. • Chinese government banned the drug deals after many years but British refused to stop. • In 1839, Chinese war ships clashed with British merchants but with the British advances china was easily defeated. British and Chinese war ships Opium Houses

4. Unequal Treaties • In 1842, Britain signed a treaty with China. • The treaty gave Britain indemnity (payment for losses in war.) Things they gained were… • Hong Kong Island near Guangzhou. • Open 5 ports for to foreign trade. • China did request to have extraterritoriality (the right to live under their own laws and be tried in their own courts.) The Hong Kong Island that China won in the treaty.

5. Taiping Rebellion • As poverty and misery increased in china, peasants rebelled. Some say it was the most devastating peasant revolt in history. • It lasted from 1850 to 1864. Led by Hong Xiuquan, his main goal was to destroy the Qing Dynasty. • They took over large parts of china and almost completely corrupted all of the Qing Dynasty. They caused 20 to 30 million deaths. • The peasants held this for 14 years, but then regional governors crushed the rebellion. The Taiping Rebellion

6. Hundred Days of Reform • After china was defeated by Japan and humiliated by westerners, a young emperor named GuangXu launched a 100 day reform act. • During this period in 1898, new laws were built to modernize china and they encouraged new industries in china. • GuangXu was then imprisoned after the court railed from tumbling affects from schools and military. GuangXu

7. Boxer Uprising • In 1899, a group of Chinese had formed a secret society called the Righteous Harmonious Fists. • Their goals were to drive out the “foreign devils.” Boxers attacked foreign communities across china. • The boxers uprising failed. China again had to give concessions to foreigners. The secret society of the “Righteous Harmonious Fists”

8. China Expands and Three Principals of the People • In China they started to expand with mining, shipping, railroads, banking, and exports of silk, tobacco, soybeans and other commodities grew. • The Chinese industry then developed along with a new urban workin8. • As Chinese nationalism spread, reformers wanted to strengthen the government. In the early 1900s Sun Yixian called for the “Three Principals of the People”. • The following are the three principals… 1. Nationalism, Freeing China from the current foreign demands. 2. Democracy, like a representative government. 3. “Livelihood,” economic security for all Chinese people. Sun Yixian

9. Birth of the Chinese Republic • In 1908 a two-year-old boy inherited the throne, China turned to chaos. • Peasants, workers, students, local warlords and even court politicians helped destroy the Chinas 2,000 year old monarchy that was in control of the Qing Dynasty. • Sun Yixian then returned and was named president of China’s new Republic. Qing Dynasty