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What were the failures of the Treaty of Versailles?

CH: 24.1: Dictators Threaten World Peace OBJECTIVE: Understand the factors behind the rise of dictators and how they made neutrality problematic. What were the failures of the Treaty of Versailles?. It humiliated Germany, and it meant to.

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What were the failures of the Treaty of Versailles?

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  1. CH: 24.1: Dictators Threaten World PeaceOBJECTIVE: Understand the factors behind the rise of dictators and how they made neutrality problematic.

  2. What were the failures of the Treaty of Versailles? • It humiliated Germany, and it meant to. • Russia was not included. It lost more land than Germany did, leaving it wanting more. • Allies stripped Germany of its colonies, but kept and expanded their own. EFFECT: • Problems of the treaty, combined with the global depression and burden of reparations caused Democracies in Europe to collapse. • Totalitarian dictatorships took their place!!!

  3. THE RISE OF DICTATORS • Germany • Hitler : legally appointed chancellor in 1933,burning of the Reichstag • Enabling Act , Scapegoating? • Italy • Mussolini: purges of Communists , invasion of Ethiopia • Spain • Franco: Guernica, Spanish Civil War • What about Russia and Japan? • Stalin and HideckiTojo (Emperor Hirohito) NOTE: I strongly recommend you use the following website: http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/exhibition/flash.html

  4. JOSEPH STALIN • Replaced Lenin as leader of the USSR • “purged” his country of capitalism • Created state-run farms and factories • Forced industrialization of the USSR with “Five Year Plans” • Police state and “purges” caused death of • 8 to 13 MILLION. http://library.usu.edu/Specol/digitalexhibits/masaryk/stalin.html

  5. BENITO MUSSOLINI • Appeals to WWI veterans • Advocates a strong, centralized govt. under a dictator = fascism • Opposed to communism • Formed a militia called “black-shirts” • Seized total control of Italy through force and intimidation “Il Duce” http://americanhistory.si.edu/militaryhistory/printable/section.asp?id=9&sub=1

  6. Generalisimo Francisco Franco Totalitarian dictator of Spain Spanish Civil-War 1936-1939 fought between Fascists and “Republicans” – a motley group of communists, foreign volunteers, and opponents of fascism. TERRIBLE ATROCITIES ON BOTH SIDES!!! http://www.herodote.net/Dossier/Guerre_Espagne.htm

  7. ADOLF HITLER • Veteran of WWI • Joins the National Socialist German Workers Party (Nazi) • Extreme Nationalist • Purity of the Aryan race • Expansion of the German state • Publishes Mein Kampf (My Struggle) while in prison • Elected Chancellor in 1933; quickly dissolves Wiemar Republic; declares the Third Reich HOW DID THE GLOBAL DEPRESSION HELP HITLER?? http://www.internetweekly.org/images/hitler_in_shorts.jpg http://www.mnstate.edu/shoptaug/hitler2.jpg

  8. http://www.hitler.org/images/fuhrer.speaks2.jpg

  9. Militarists in Japan • Militarists like Tojo in Japan control the Emperor and Japan • Japan wants to expand its empire through Asia and the Pacific • Japan invades Manchuria in 1931 • League of Nations condemns the invasion, but does nothing to intervene • Japan’s militarists tighten their control over Japan • Japan launches second invasion of China in 1937 • US protests, FDR calls for embargo of Japan

  10. http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/shanghai-baby.jpghttp://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/shanghai-baby.jpg

  11. http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wwu/truth/genocide.shtml

  12. Rape of Nanking – 1937-1938 http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu/~wwu/truth/genocide.shtml

  13. Aggression in Europe • Hitler pulls out of League of Nations in 1933 • Hitler re-militarizes Rhineland in 1935 (against Treaty of Versailles) • Germany and Italy form an alliance in 1935 • Mussolini invades Ethiopia in 1935 The League protests, but does not act • Germany and Italy support Franco in Spain 1936-1939 Spain becomes totalitarian state under Franco Hitler and Stalin sign non-aggression pact (Aug 1939) Hitler invades Poland September 1st 1939 BR/ FR declare war on Germany AXIS powers agreement signed (Italy, Germ, Japan)

  14. American Response • Isolationism • 1934: Senator Nye’s investigations re: munitions • Argues that Arms Dealers pushed US into WWI • Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, & 1937 • Outlawed selling arms to nations at war or in civil war • Decline of armed forces and navy DID THESE POLICIES WORK?

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