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Self-assembly in Nature. Nano. Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules. spherical micelles. cylindrical micelles. nanotubes. vesicles (liposomes). Drug delivery systems. Direct conjugation of drugs or therapeutic proteins to macromolecules such as polymers and proteins.
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spherical micelles cylindrical micelles nanotubes vesicles (liposomes)
Drug delivery systems • Direct conjugation of drugs or therapeutic proteins • to macromolecules such as polymers and proteins.
2. Encapsulation of hydrophobic drugs at the inside of the micelles or dendrimers
3. Entrapment of water-soluble drugs at the inside cavity of vesicles
The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect Macromolecules cannot pass through the capillary walls of normal tissue. The entry of macromolecules into tumor tissue takes place in the capillaries where blood flow is diminished and nutrients transfer into the tissue. In contrast to the blood capillaries in most normal tissues, the endothelial layer of the capillaries in the tumor tissue is fenestrated and leaky so that macromolecules and other nanoparticles reach the malignant tissue. Tumor tissue generally has a defective lymphatic drainage system with the result that macromolecules are retained and can subsequently accumulate in solid tumors.
DLS Release of Calcein 18nm pH 5 pH 7 pH 7 3nm pH 5 pH drop 1 10 100 Vesicle d = 36 nm Micelle d = 6 nm Radius (nm) pH-Responsive Nanocapsules HCl J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004,126, 12724
Antigen Carbohydrate – Protein Multivalent Interactions antigen carbohydrate Kiessling et. al. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2002, 124, 14922.
Mannose-Coated Supramolecules lectinprotein d= 40 nm d= 20 nm d= 10 nm 12 23 100 nm 100 nm glycocluster 50 nm Galactose Micelle Cylinder Sphere Vesicle 2 1 3 Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay n.d. J. Am. Chem. Soc.2005, 127,16333 Chem. Commun.2005, 2035 J. Am. Chem. Soc.2007, in press
Selective Binding of Supramolecules to Bacterial Cells E. coli E. coli pili Binding to E. coli ORN 178 TEM 100 nm 100 nm 100 nm E. Coli (ORN 208) E. Coli (ORN 178) + cylinders E. Coli (ORN 178) + spheres
= = D-mannose-binding protein Selective-binding + Pathogen Pathogen ß-sheet assembly Binding of Bacterial Cells
