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Chapter 5: Nomenclature

Chapter 5: Nomenclature. Chemistry 1020: Interpretive chemistry Andy Aspaas, Instructor. Types of binary compounds. Binary compounds: contain two different elements Type I: Contains main-group metal and nonmetal Ionic Type II: Contains transition metal and nonmetal Ionic

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Chapter 5: Nomenclature

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  1. Chapter 5: Nomenclature Chemistry 1020: Interpretive chemistry Andy Aspaas, Instructor

  2. Types of binary compounds • Binary compounds: contain two different elements • Type I: Contains main-group metal and nonmetal • Ionic • Type II: Contains transition metal and nonmetal • Ionic • Type III: Contains nonmetals only • Molecular

  3. Binary ionic compounds • Ionic compound: combination of metal cation and nonmetal anion • Type I: contains main-group metals in groups 1, 2, and 3 • Form cations, charge can be predicted by group number • Metal cations have the same name as the element • Nonmetal: take root of element name and add -ide • Charge predicted by taking 8 - group number • In naming compounds, cation is named first and anion second

  4. Type II: Ionic compounds with transition metal cations • Transition metals can produce ions with varying charges • When naming these compounds, you must indicate the charge of the cation in roman numerals after the cation name • Ex. PbCl2 must have Pb2+ cations • Name: lead(II) chloride

  5. Type III: Compounds containing only nonmetals • Binary compounds with only nonmetals are one type of molecules • The first element given in the formula is named first, with its full name • The second element is named as if it were an anion • Use Greek prefixes to denote subscripts • 1=mono, 2=di, 3=tri, 4=tetra, 5=penta, 6=hexa, 7=hepta, 8=octa

  6. Polyatomic ions • Polyatomic ion: a molecule (composed of 2 or more atoms) that carries a charge • Oxyanion: one atom of a given element, bonded to different numbers of oxygen atoms. • If there are 2 different oxyanions for a given element, use suffixes to differentiate their name • “ite” for ion with fewer oxygens • “ate” for ion with greater number of oxygens

  7. Polyatomic ions

  8. Polyatomic ions • Use prefixes if more than one oxyanion for an element ClO– hypochlorite ClO2– chlorite ClO3– chlorate ClO4– perchlorate • Oxyanions for a given element have the same charge, but added hydrogens decrease the charge CO32– carbonate HCO3– hydrogen carbonate, or bicarbonate

  9. Nomenclature of compounds with polyatomic ions • Type 1: Cation has known charge • Use cation name and anion name • Ex. Na2CO3, KH2PO4, NH4ClO3, Al2(SO3)3 • Type 2: Cation has several possible charges • Use cation name and roman numeral for cation charge, then anion name • Ex. CuSO4, Fe(CN)3, Ti(CrO4)2, Ag2SO3

  10. Nomenclature of acids • Acid: compound with one or more H+ ions attached to an anion • Acids which do not contain oxygen • Name hydro ______ic acid (with element root in the blank) • HF, HCl, HBr, H2S • Acids which contain oxygen • Use oxyanion name, but change suffix • “ite” becomes “ous” • “ate” becomes “ic” • H2SO4, H2SO3, HNO2, H3PO4

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