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The Scientific Method-A logical approach to answer a question. Controlled Experiments. Experimental Question: What are you trying to find out Hypothesis: “Educated Guess” If…Then… Independent (manipulated) variable The experimenter changes Dependent (responding) variable
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The Scientific Method-A logical approach to answer a question
Controlled Experiments • Experimental Question: What are you trying to find out • Hypothesis: “Educated Guess” • If…Then… • Independent (manipulated) variable • The experimenter changes • Dependent (responding) variable • The experimenter measures
Controlled Experiments • Two groups • Control Group: the average or normal for comparison • Experimental Group: has the independent variable • Controlled variables • Variables that will be kept the same to ensure that the experiment actually answers your question.
Elements and Atoms • Element • Any substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances • Atom • Smallest unit of an element • Protons • Electrons • Neutrons • Any single element is made of only one kind of atom
Compounds Compounds Form when two or more elements combine chemically Compounds are a special kind of molecule Molecule Two or more atoms chemically bonded together
Water and Living Things • Water is inorganic, but still plays vital roles in living things • Solubility • most reactions depend on substances dissolved in water
Water and Living Things • Cohesion • Water molecules will stick to other water molecules • Adhesion • water molecules will stick to some other substances
Water and Living Things • Temperature Moderation • Water heats and cools more slowly than other substances • This keeps cells from changing temperature too rapidly