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Logical Fallacies

Logical Fallacies. What is a Fallacy?. A Fallacy is an argument that is flawed by its very nature or structure Fallacies are not absolute; depending on context, some fallacies can be appropriate to certain situations. Fallacies of Emotional Argument.

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Logical Fallacies

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  1. Logical Fallacies

  2. What is a Fallacy? A Fallacy is an argument that is flawed byits very nature or structure Fallacies are not absolute; depending oncontext, some fallacies can be appropriateto certain situations

  3. Fallacies of Emotional Argument Use of excessive or inappropriate emotionalism nScare Tactics – exaggerating dangers orreducing complicated issues to threats nEither/Or Choices – require people tochoose 1 of 2 options – oversimplify nSlippery Slope – threatens successively amplifiedconsequences for small actions

  4. Fallacies of Emotional Argument (II) nSentimental Appeals – using excessive emotions to distract from the facts – oftenentail a guilt trip nBandwagon Appeals – suggest that thereader should be persuaded becauseeveryone else is

  5. Fallacies of Ethical Argument Abusing character arguments • Dogmatism – implying that a particularview is the only one acceptable within aparticular community • Appeals to False Authority – offering anauthority as sufficient warrant for believinga claim (X is true because I / George Washington say(s) it is

  6. Fallacies of Ethos (II) nMoral Equivalence – serious wrongdoingsdon’t differ from peccadilloes or minoroffenses are the same as major crimes nAd Hominem (“to the man”) – assaulting adebater's character, rather then the logicof his/her argument

  7. Fallacies of Logical Argument Claims are invalid, insufficient or disconnected nHasty Generalization – an inference drawnfrom insufficient evidence nFaulty Causality (post hoc ergo propter hoc:after this, therefore because of this) –assuming that because one event followsanother, the first caused the second

  8. Fallacies of Logos (II) nBegging the Question – assuming as truethe very claim that is being disputed nEquivocation – a half-truth, usuallyinvolving a trick of language (Macbeth could not be killed by man of woman born) nNon sequitur – the logic of the argument isnot connected:  I stole the lipstick becausethe sky was blue.

  9. Fallacies of Logos III nFaulty Analogy – comparisons that areinappropriate or inaccurate

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