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Perspectives of Psychology

Perspectives of Psychology. Ms. Rebecca 2009. Do Now:. Why do you think people think, feel and act in certain ways? Are they born a certain way? Do they learn in school to act a certain way? Do they learn from friends?. Different perspectives.

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Perspectives of Psychology

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  1. Perspectives of Psychology Ms. Rebecca 2009

  2. Do Now: • Why do you think people think, feel and act in certain ways? Are they born a certain way? Do they learn in school to act a certain way? Do they learn from friends?

  3. Different perspectives • The human mind is really complicated. So, psychologists have a lot of different ideas about why people act and think the way they do. • The next slide lists the 6 most popular perspectives today. In practice, psychologist apply the perspective that best deals with the problem at hand.

  4. I’m a tv expert! • BUT I only watch Prison Break. http://www.shockya.com/news/wp-content/uploads/prison_break_ver4_poster.jpg

  5. I’m a tv expert! • I can learn a lot about Prison Break if I watch it all the time, but I wont know ANYTHING about other types of shows like comedies, documentaries, cartoons, the news, sports shows etc.….. http://everydayplaystation.files.wordpress.com/2009/03/spongebob.jpg

  6. I’m a tv expert! • I could never claim to know EVERYTHING about t.v. by only watching one show/type of show. http://rlv.zcache.com/clearly_im_not_an_expert_on_this_topic_tshirt-p2359648477432668033s9b_400.jpg

  7. I’m a tv expert! • But maybe if I watched all different types of shows (drama, comedy, mystery, cartoons, news, sports etc) I would be closer to being an expert of t.v. shows today. http://www.slipperybrick.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/05/super-sized-remote-control.jpg

  8. Human behavior experts • Just like there are many different types of tv shows, there are also many different ideas about why humans behave the way they do. http://www.iuniverse.com/CoverImages/100958/SKU-000025877_XL.gif

  9. Human Behavior • And thoughts come from many different things. • Some believe behavior is learned in childhood; some believe experiences in the present are more likely to impact behavior and thoughts. http://blogs.uscannenberg.org/peter_griffin/magnifying-glass.gif

  10. 6 Perspectives • In Psychology today there are 6 different perspectives or ideas about where human behavior comes from. http://www.neilmoffatt.co.uk/Images/Paintings/7Dwarfs.jpg

  11. 6 Perspectives • 1. Biological Perspective • 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective • 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • 4. Humanist Perspective • 5. Cognitive Perspective • 6. Sociocultural Perspective

  12. Biological Perspective • “I was born this way” (The Complete Idiots Guide to Psychology) http://www.health-in-action.org/library/pdf/Shaken%20Baby/Images/sm%20shake%20baby%20with%20bkgd.jpg

  13. Biological Perspective • Look at the body to explain the mind http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_394PgFiJSRw/STLOLMPhq9I/AAAAAAAAAD0/w-22z0AJ6PY/s400/mind_body_connection1.jpg

  14. Biological Perspective • Influence of hormones, genes, the brain, central nervous system on the way we think, feel and act http://www.pawnee.org/stressbody.jpg

  15. Questions Biological Perspective Answers: • Is personality inherited from parents? • Does mental stress cause physical illness? http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_tz6-1vjO-ic/Rkp--9Oq5sI/AAAAAAAAAtA/xKoPgfd59RQ/s400/like_father_like_son.jpg

  16. Biological Perspective’s impact on Psychology • - developed medicines to treat depression and other disorders • -helped people to understand that mental illnesses are uncontrollable sometimes, like physical illness. Removed some stigmas of mental illness. http://www.viewpoints.com/images/review/2007/259/19/1189989620-84591_full.jpg

  17. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective • “It’s only the tip of the iceberg” http://www.las.iastate.edu/careerservices/Photos/iceberg.jpg

  18. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective • Behavior is driven by mental conflicts deep inside us! http://www.emory.edu/ACAD_EXCHANGE/2006/octnov/neurlogy.jpg

  19. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective • Freud said that people have conflicts between their urges and what society says is ok.

  20. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective • We learn when we are children to hide our real feelings, so we push our urges waaaaaaay down until we are adults and then we don’t really know the “real” reasons we do what we do because they are so deep within us. http://eccasa.files.wordpress.com/2009/01/mother-child-discipline-small-1.jpg

  21. 2. Psychoanalytic Perspective • BUT we can get clues about our real” feelings from our dreams and seemingly unexplainable behavior http://leoashton.vizua.com/blues%20clues/blues_clues_wp_1024.jpg

  22. 2. What Psychoanalytic Psychologists think? • Childhood experiences really affect how we are as adults. • Human behavior sometimes doesn’t make sense • Talking about our feelings in a comfortable setting can help people work through their “true” feelings to solve problems.

  23. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • “We’re all just rats caught in a maze” http://members.madasafish.com/~cj_whitehound/Rats_Nest/artwork/clipart/white_rat_in_maze.gif

  24. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • Rats can find food in a maze if they’ve found food in the same place before. • Their behavior changes if the location of the food changes. http://www.tallhill.com/products/labrat/spec/labrat_spec_files/RatMazeDestroy.jpg

  25. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • John Watson studied rats in mazes and said that people are the same. • Behavior is just a response to something. The consequence determines whether the behavior happens again. http://dogtrainerblues.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/06/dog-training-commands.jpg

  26. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • What do Behaviorist/Learning Psychologists do? • Try to understand people by studying what happens to them and how they respond. • If the consequence is good, they should repeat the behavior. If not, they won’t do the behavior again.

  27. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • Example: • Stimulus: You find out there’s a test • Response: You study • Consequence: You get an “A” • Based on the good consequence of getting an “A”, you continue the behavior of studying for tests.

  28. 3. Behaviorist/Learning Perspective • What do Behaviorist/Learning Psychologists say?: • -Behavior Modification: you can learn to change bad behavior • You can get over your fears! http://www.asktheexterminator.com/artman2/uploads/1/spider_fear.gif

  29. 4. Cognitive Perspective • “I Think, Therefore I Am” http://www.haroldsplanet.com/daily/images/78_ithinkithink.gif

  30. 4. Cognitive Perspective • Study the way people can gain, organize, and remember knowledge that guides behavior. http://standupforamerica.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/think-before-you-act.jpg

  31. 4. Cognitive Perspective • We’re much more than rats! We react to the environment but we also act on it to do things like: • Solve problems • Make decisions • Think about options before we act

  32. 4. Cognitive Perspective • Also, FEELINGS affect what we do too! • Example: Someone who is told they have cancer but there is treatment would react very differently to the news than a person who found out they had cancer and were going to die. http://www.shawuniversitymosque.org/articles/images/confidence.png

  33. 4. Cognitive Perspective • Cognitive Psychologists develop theories about mental processes and test those theories by creating situations where people are expected to behave in a predictable way (if they don’t behave in a predictable way, the theory is wrong).

  34. 4. Cognitive Perspective • Where do we see Cognitive Psychology? • Self-help books • Attitude adjustments can help people because it’s all about how they feel about a situation/problem. http://askchris.essexcc.gov.uk/Files/BookJackets/4354.jpg

  35. 5. Sociocultural Perspective • To understand human behaviors you have to understand the culture in which they live. http://4.bp.blogspot.com/_wEbegOTGaXY/SYogSJSrooI/AAAAAAAAAHw/rpWXmiu_Bq4/s400/2.21.09+different+cultures.jpg

  36. 5. Sociocultural Perspective • What’s “normal” in one country may be weird in another. http://bcdairyfoundation.ca/nutrition_education/images/So_what_is_normal.jpg

  37. 5. Sociocultural Perspective • In the U.S. individuality is valued • In Asia it’s better to be part of a group http://www.framersguide.com/images/_individuality1.jpg

  38. 5. Sociocultural Perspective • Eating disorders are a bigger problem in the U.S. where the ideal is to be really thin. Higher rate of violence in the U.S. http://news.stanford.edu/news/2006/december6/gifs/eating.jpg

  39. 6. Humanistic Perspective • “Look on the Bright Side”

  40. 6. Humanistic Perspective • People are naturally good. They will try to be the best they can be UNLESS other people get in their way. http://hellejorgensen.typepad.com/.a/6a00d8341c748c53ef0115707d77ce970b-500wi

  41. 6. Humanistic Perspective • Example: Children are good until teachers/parents etc. tell them they AREN’T good. http://alicebag.com/angryteacher.jpg

  42. 6. Humanistic Perspective • Then, children begin to believe that they can’t be good so they stop trying. http://msnbcmedia.msn.com/j/msnbc/Components/Photos/050930/050930_brats_vmed.widec.jpg

  43. 6. Humanistic Perspective • Main ideas in Humanist Psychology • Self-esteem is VERY important! • A person’s view of their life is much more important that what actually happens in their life.

  44. Homework: • Read pp28-31 in your textbook • Using what you have learned in class, and the info in your book you must make up a scenario where someone needs psychological help. • Then, write down what someone with each of the perspectives would say is the root of the problem and perhaps how it can be fixed. You should have 6 different reasons for the problem. • Be prepared to share with someone in the class!

  45. History of Psychology • Do Now: What kinds of human behavior are you curious about? • Example: why do people find others attractive? • Why do some people get angry easier than others?

  46. Hmmm interesting! • People have ALWAYS been interested in the behaviors of other people, that’s… • PSYCHOLOGY! • Questions about human behavior have been asked throughout history. http://psicologia.unipd.it/home/fso/images/psychology.gif

  47. I. Ancient Greece (2000 years ago) • A. Socrates: said we can learn about ourselves by looking at our own thoughts and feelings: introspection. http://psicologia.unipd.it/home/fso/images/psychology.gif http://paulbuckley14059.files.wordpress.com/2008/01/introspection.jpg

  48. B. Aristotle (384-322) • Experiences from the past affect our feelings later. • Example: Being with our parents makes us feel safe because they have kept us safe in the past. http://westernparadigm.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/aristotle.jpg

  49. B. Aristotle (384-322) • He also said: • People try to avoid pain and find pleasure. http://www.rsrevision.com/images/calvin_happy.jpg

  50. C. Hippocrates (460-377 B.C.) • Confusion and madness are caused by problems in the brain. http://www.simpsonstrivia.com.ar/simpsons-photos/wallpapers/homer-simpson-wallpaper-brain-1024.jpg http://philippinehealthconnections.files.wordpress.com/2009/05/hippocrates1.jpg

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