Skeletal & Muscular Systems

1. Skeletal & Muscular Systems Form and Movement

2. Engage • What is Osteoporosis????? • Complete the osteoporosis questionnaire.

3. Engage • Deboned • What would happen if humans did not have bones? Your body would be limp like a rag doll. Could you stand up? Could you walk? • Without bones in your body, you would be like the blob. • As a class we will observe two bones that were soaked in two different solutions.

4. Deboned

5. Explore • The Calcium Test • Students will test various types of materials to determine the presence or absence of calcium.

6. Explore • Computer Lab • http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp • You will visit the above website and answer questions while navigating through the narrated skeletal system section

7. Explain • What are the 5 Main Functions of the Skeleton • provide structure and support for body • protect internal organs • make blood cells • store minerals • attachment for muscles for movement

8. Skeletal Systems • Exoskeleton • Endoskeleton

9. Exoskeleton • external skeleton • Arthropods and Mollusks • Arthropod’s skeleton is made of a material called chitin and must be shed to permit growth. • Mollusk’s skeleton is made by the mantle from calcium carbonate.

10. Endoskeleton • Internal skeleton • Grows with the organism • Made of cartilage or a combination of cartilage and bone. • Ossification – replacing cartilage with bone around 7 months before birth • Osteoclasts – break down bone • Osteoblasts – form bone tissue • Contains 2 parts : axial and appendicular areas.

11. Skull Axial Skeleton Appendicular Skeleton Clavicle Sternum Scapula Humerus Ribs Radius Vertebral column Pelvis Ulna Carpals Metacarpals Phalanges Femur Patella Fibula Tibia Tarsals Metatarsals Phalanges

12. Spongy bone Haversian canal Compact bone Compact bone Periosteum Bone marrow Spongy bone Osteocyte Artery Periosteum Vein Structure of Bone

13. Structure of Bones • Solid network • Living cells • Protein fibers • Deposits of Calcium Salts

14. Part of Bone 1. Marrow • Yellow – fat cells • Red – RBC, WBC, Platelets 2. Periosteum - Outer connective tissue – tough 3. Compact bone Haversian Canals • Tubes carrying blood vessels and nerves 4. Spongy bone • Less dense; inside compact bone; ends of long bones and middle of short, flat

15. Spongy bone Haversian canal Compact bone Compact bone Periosteum Bone marrow Spongy bone Osteocyte Artery Periosteum Vein Structure of Bone

16. Joints • One bone attaches to another • Three types • Immovable (Skull) • Slightly Movable • Freely Moveable

17. Clavicle Humerus Ball-and-socket joint Radius Ball-and-Socket Joint Pivot Joint Pivot joint Scapula Ulna Humerus Femur Patella Fibula Hinge Joint Saddle Joint Metacarpals Hinge joint Carpals Saddle joint Tibia Freely Moveable Joints

18. Muscle Tendon Femur Patella Bursa Ligament Synovial fluid Cartilage Fat Fibula Tibia Joint Structure

19. Joint Structure • Tendon – Muscle to Bone • Ligament – Bone to Bone • Synovial Fluid – lubricating film • Bursa – small sac of synovial fluid • Bursitis – inflammation of a bursa

20. Bone Diseases • Osteoporosis • Leukemia • Vitamin D deficiency

21. Elaboration • Best Bones Interest Project Questionnaire