Personal Care chapter 15

1. Personal Carechapter 15 Page 370

2. Lesson 1Personal Health Care • Functions of the Skin- skin is bodies largest organ- watertight barrier, helps control body temperature, feels textures, protects from germs- Parts of the Skin- 3 MAIN LAYERS: EPIDERMIS outermost layer of skin, DERMIS thick inner layer of skin and is where nerve ending, blood vessels, oil and sweat glands are found, SUBCUTANEOUS innermost layer of skin and connects skin to muscle and bone

3. Personal Health Care • Skin Problems- oil glands help skin stay soft but too much oil can clog pores and give acne, may be able to be fixed with over the counter medicine or by seeing a dermatologist- too much sun exposure can cause skin cancer, wrinkles and premature aging- cold sores, warts • Skin Care- odor is caused by bacteria, bathe regularly and use deodorant, wash face but don’t scrub too hard, wear sunscreen

4. Personal Health Care • Hair and Nails- made of keratin and both located in the dermis, each nail surrounded by fold of epidermis called a cuticle • Problems- Dandruff (flaking of the outer layer of dead skin cells), Lice (tiny insects that live in hair and spread easily) don’t share hats, brushes, use medicated shampoo and wash all bedding, towels, brushes and clothing- Hangnail is a split in cuticle

5. Personal Health Care • Teeth- chew/grind food, help with proper speech- Problems- Gingivitis (gums become inflamed and bleed easily) can cause tooth loss Care- brush teeth for 2-3 minutes, floss, eat healthy foods (CALCIUM HELPS KEEP TEETH STRONG), limit sugary foods/drinks, see dentist twice a year- clean teeth, identify problems, straighten teeth- Page 375 • Eyes- Nearsightedness (can see nearby objects clearly but distant objects are blurry) Farsightedness (can distant but not close) Astigmatism (images appeared blurred /distorted due to irregular shaped lens/cornea)- most can be corrected

6. Personal Health Care • Eye Care- wear sunglasses or eye protection, screen time in well-lit rooms, don’t rub eyes so won’t spread of bacteria, if wear contact lenses wash hands and change regularly, get regular exams every two years or yearly if have corrective lenses- Page 377 • Ears- CONTROLS BALANCE (fluid, tiny hair cells inside ears send messages to brain when move and brain interprets message and tells body to make adjustments)

7. Personal Health Care • Ear Problems- middle ear infections, punctured eardrums and loud noises can cause hearing loss- noise above 85 DECIBELs (measure of loudness of sound) can be harmful • Protection- never insert anything in ear, avoid loud noises, cover ears in cold weather to avoid frostbite, see a doctor is have earache or ringing in ears- Page 378

8. Lesson 2Being a Smart Health Consumer • Informed CONSUMER (anyone who uses products or services)- Consumer Skills enable you to make wise informed purchases- smart shoppers can compare products in terms of quality, effectiveness, safety and cost • Influences on Buying Decisions- Personal Taste/Need, Media (around 3000 ad seen a day by average American)- Page 380 • COMPARISON SHOPPING (method of judging the relative benefits of competing products or services based on quality, effectiveness, safety and cost)- Warranty (promise to refund your money if product doesn’t work as claimed) shows company stands behind its product

9. Smart Health Consumers • Managing Consumer Problems- HEALTH FRAUD (selling of products/services to prevent diseases or cure health problems which have not been scientifically proven safe/effective for such purposes)- may pose risk to your health or give false hope- if you’re a victim contact the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) • Problems with Products- keep receipts until you know you’re satisfied with product, know stores return policy, may need send back to manufacturer • Online Shopping- know who buying from before purchasing (check address/phone number/ complaints), compare prices and shipping costs, return policies, pay by credit card- don’t send cash, keep receipts

10. Lesson 3Using Medicines Wisely • Medicines (drugs that are used to treat/ prevent diseases and other conditions)- before a medicine can be manufactured/sold it must be tested/approved by FDA • PRESCRIPTION MEDICATION (medicines that can be sold only with written order from a physician/nurse practitioner) labels have instructions how much to take, how often, how long • Nonprescription Medication- OVER-THE-COUNTER-MEDICINES (medicines that are safe enough to be taken without a written order from a physician) can be harmful if used incorrectly

11. Medicines • Types of Medicines- VACCINE (medicine that prevents a disease from developing) made from dead or weakened germs that cause immune system to produce antibodies (proteins that attack, kill, disable specific germs that causes disease) some given one a year and others gives protection for a number of years- ANTIBIOTICS (medicines that reduce/kill harmful bacteria in the body) treats infections- Some medicine relieve pain- may be sold OTC or prescribed by a doctor

12. Medicines • How Medicine Enter the Body- Swallowing (pills, tablets, capsules, liquids) cold medicine and pain relievers- Injection- Inhaled (mist, fine powder) asthma, cold medicine- Topically (applied to skin) patches release medicine over time • Medicine in the Body- affects people differently (age, sex, size)- side effects (any effect of a medicine other than the one intended) headache, upset stomach, drowsiness- may develop a tolerance if take medicine for a long time- over using a medicine can lead to less effective medicine- don’t take multiple drugs at same time unless under doctors order

13. Lesson 4Choosing Health Services • Role of Health Care- medical services available to a nations people and manner in which the services are paid for- PREVENTIVE CARE (steps taken to keep disease or injury from happening or getting worse) • Health Care Providers- Primary Care Physician (provides physical check up and general care)- they may refer you to a SPECIALIST (doctor trained to handle particular kinds of patients or medical conditions) Allied Health Professionals (medical professionals who perform duties which would otherwise have to be performed by doctors or nurses)- Page 389

14. Health Services • Types of Health Care- Outpatient Care (person receives treatment and then returns home) Inpatient Care (staying at a hospital or other heath care facility) • Changes in Health Care Settings- Surgery Centers, Hospice Care (provides place where terminally ill patients can live out the remainder of their lives), Assisted Living Communities (offer older people an alternative to traditional nursing homes) • Covering Costs of Care- Health Insurance (plan in which private companies/government programs pay for part of medical costs) Managed Care (plan that saves money by limiting the choice of doctors) MEDICAID (assist people with limited income) MEDICARE (over 65 or has certain disabilities)

15. Lesson 5Public Health • Public Health (involves efforts to monitor/ promote the welfare of the population) every county in the state has its own department and the nation and world has organizations to monitor the health of the global community • Federal Health Agencies- public health is overseen by Department of Health and Human Services- Page 393- Consumer Product Safety Commission works to reduce risks from unsafe products- RECALL (announcement that informs the public that a product has been determined unsafe) done through media and direct mail

16. Public Health • Nongovernmental Health Organizations- exist on donations of time and money- keep public informed about research and new developments to treat diseases, help fund research, teach prevention of diseases and respond to health emergencies and disasters • Public Health at the International Level- some diseases don’t pose a threat to US but still problem in other countries- FAMINE (widespread shortage of food) World Health Organization (200 countries of the United Nations) Doctors Without Boarders (provides care in 70 countries who are affected by disasters, medical emergencies or wars)