1 / 20

Toward Civil War

Explore significant events like Missouri Compromise, Uncle Tom’s Cabin, Dred Scott case, Lincoln-Douglas Debates, John Brown’s Raid, & the Election of 1860 that shaped the path to the Civil War.

hillenbrand
Download Presentation

Toward Civil War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Toward Civil War

  2. Missouri Compromise - 1820 • Applied to Louisiana Territory • States would be admitted in pairs – 1 “free” & 1 “slave” • Drew line at 36° 30΄ - to the north – free to the south - slave

  3. Missouri Compromise - 1820

  4. Compromise of 1850 • California – free state • Utah and New Mexico territories – popular sovereignty ( people’s vote decides!) • No slave trade in Washington, D.C. • Strict enforcement of Fugitive Slave Act • Settlement of boundary dispute between Texas and New Mexico

  5. Compromise of 1850

  6. Uncle Tom’s Cabin • Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe • Expressed moral outrage at the institution of slavery and the destructiveness on both whites and African-Americans • Humanized slavery & increased anti-slavery sentiment in north; was banned in south • When Stowe met President Lincoln in 1862, he is said to have exclaimed, "So you are the little woman who wrote the book that started this great war!"

  7. Kansas – Nebraska Act 1854 • Applied popular sovereignty to Kansas and Nebraska territories • Previously designated “free” territories – now the possibility that slavery could exist to north of line 36°30΄

  8. Bleeding Kansas • Mini civil war when vote on fate of Kansas was taken • “Border Ruffians” • 200+ killed, million of dollars in property damage • Vote → Pro-slavery • 2 governments formed (1 free, 1 slave)

  9. Dred Scott v. Sanford(1857) • Background • Dred Scott, slave, taken into free territory by owner, then returned to slave territory. Scott sued owner believing that his presence in free territory made him a free man • Constitutional Issue • Was Dred Scott a citizen & legally entitled to use courts? Did his presence in a free territory make him a free man?

  10. Dred Scott v. Sanford • Decision • Slave defined as property, not citizen. Freeing him would be violation of 5th Amendment due process • Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because designating “free territory” could deprive an owner of his “property” • Importance • Step closer to Civil War (Congress can’t legislate, Presidents unwilling to intervene, now Court refused to free Dred Scott & thousands in same situation)

  11. Lincoln-Douglas Debates1858 Illinois Senate race • Abraham Lincoln: Republican, relative unknown -- opposed the extension of slavery into the territories (not abolitionist); “A house divided …” “This gov’t cannot endure permanently half slave and half free”. • Stephen Douglas: Democrat, incumbent U.S. Senator in Illinois – believed in popular sovereignty – “Freeport doctrine” – slavery could not exist if local citizens did not pass and enforce laws for maintaining it

  12. Importance of Lincoln/Douglas Debate • Even though Douglas won the election, he lost support from southern Democrats • Lincoln gained national recognition and became a leading contender for the Presidential race in 1860

  13. John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry • Brown was a radical abolitionist • Plan was to arm the slaves for a rebellion using weapons taken from the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry • Brown was captured, tried and executed for his role → martyr for the cause • The south feared the north had intentions of using slave revolts to destroy the south → harsher treatment of slaves

  14. “Battle Hymn of the Republic” or “Glory, Glory Hallelujah” – originally was “John Brown’s Song” • John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave; • John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave; • John Brown's body lies a-mouldering in the grave; • His soul's marching on! • (Chorus) • Glory, halle—hallelujah! Glory, halle—hallelujah! • Glory, halle—hallelujah! his soul's marching on! • He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord! • He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord! • He's gone to be a soldier in the army of the Lord! • His soul's marching on! • (Chorus)

  15. Election of 1860

  16. Results of Election of 1860

  17. Lincoln’s Election leads to Secession • States’ Rights theory – the states created the union of states, they can break it apart by secession • South Carolina leads the way with secession – followed by 6 other states (Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas) • Arkansas, Tennessee, North Carolina, Virginia would secede early in 1861

  18. President Buchanan • “lame duck” – from November of 1860 – March of 1861 • Buchanan believed states seceded because Lincoln was elected – let Lincoln deal with it • Buchanan believed he as President had no constitutional authority to respond to secession

  19. Result of Buchanan’s Inability to Act • Southern states secede • Form the Confederate States of America • Wrote a constitution (patterned on US constitution) that supported states’ rights philosophy • Elected representatives to the Confederate government • ALL THIS WAS DONE BEFORE LINCOLN TOOK THE OATH OF OFFICE

More Related