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Education system in Finland – Development and Equality

Education system in Finland – Development and Equality. FINLAND AS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY WORKSHOP Helsinki August 30 – 31, 2004 Liisa Leijola ETLA 31.08.2004. ETLA Discussion Paper No. 909 Liisa Leijola Education system in Finland – Development and equality

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Education system in Finland – Development and Equality

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  1. Education system in Finland – Development and Equality FINLAND AS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY WORKSHOP Helsinki August 30 – 31, 2004 Liisa Leijola ETLA 31.08.2004

  2. ETLA Discussion Paper No. 909 Liisa Leijola Education system in Finland – Development and equality http://www.etla.fi/julkaisuhaku.php?type=details&id=986

  3. Doctoral degree (Post-graduate polytechnic degree) Licentiate degree ISCED Polytechnic degree Master’s degree 8 4 years Bachelor’s degree 7 UNIVERSITIES POLYTECHNICS 6 Matriculation examination Professional qualification 3 years 3 years UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 5 4 3 Compulsory education Lower secondary school 3 years 2 Primary school 6 years BASIC EDUCATION 1 Education system in Finland

  4. 12th century: schooling in Latin for the clergy 1543: first textbook in Finnish 19th century: Swedish schools and gymnasiums 1866: Education for all, common schools in Finnish 1898: School districts: < 2 km to school 1921: Basic right and duty for 7 to 12 -year-olds 1960s: 6 years common school, 5 years middle school, 3 yrs gymnasium 1970s: Basic education system, 9 years for 7 to 16 -year-olds Timeline of development Sweden Russia Finland

  5. Regional Gender Socio-economic Intitially focus on regional equality and physical access to schools Number of schools and participation Currently equality in educational opportunity, gender and socio-economic equality Learning results Individual and school differences Further education for everyone Social security system: no unemployment benefits unless secondary education Principle of equality

  6. In practice 100% participation Municipalities Free of charge Lunch, supplies, transportation, after school activities Girls perform better than boys Regional differences, interactions between types of inequality Basic education

  7. Upper secondary shools (high school) 2 to 4 years Matriculation examination Municipalities Vocational schools (2 to 4 years) Professional qualifications State & municipalities Selection into schools, polarisation, gender differences 55% of 9th grade students in 1999 enrolled in upper secondary schools, 35% in vocational schools the following year 7% did not continue schooling Displacement, unemployment Secondary education

  8. Half of working age population participates, public and private organisers Employer-sponsored education Technical fields Computer skills Reduces generation gap in educational achievement Coping with technological change in the workplace Adult education

  9. 20 universities Bachelor, Master, Licentiate, Doctorate State-owned, autonomous, private funding 35% 29 polytechnic insitutes Bachelor, (Master) Municipalities, foundations Entrance examinations (<5….% of applicants admitted) Financial aid to students, working while studying Long study times Higher education

  10. University network University Source: Statistics Finland

  11. Financing education Figure 2. Expenditure on primary and lower secondary eduation and all education, % of GDP in 1998. Source: OECD

  12. Financing education Table 1. Total expenditure on education in Finland 1997-2001 and distribution between levels in 2001. Source: Statistics Finland

  13. Financing education Figure 1. Education expenditure per student in 2001 Source: Statistics Finland

  14. Financial aid to higher education students: Study grant 259.01 € Housing supplement 171.55 € + Student loan 220 € Total 650.56 €/month Working while studying very common (50%), 1/3 takes student loan Financial aid to students

  15. Finland #1 in reading literacy Top 5 in science skills and maths Least deviation in scores Least effect from socio-demographic background, gender Expenditure per student in basic education OECD average Student /teacher ratio OECD average Time use in school OECD average PISA 2000

  16. Principle of equality Society Education Universal basic education Appreciation for education & reading (TV subtitles!) What is the reason for success in basic education level?

  17. 1940s and 1950s General education level, academic ideals: Humanistic & Natural Sciences 1960s and 1970s Welfare state: Social sciences, public sector 1990s High technology, ICT: Engineering, technology 2000s Overeducation? Private funding? More specialisation? Ageing of the population? Crisis of the welfare state? Higher education policy and economic development

  18. Education system in Finland – Development and Equality FINLAND AS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY WORKSHOP Helsinki August 30 – 31, 2004 Liisa Leijola ETLA 31.08.2004

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