180 likes | 208 Views
Education system in Finland – Development and Equality. FINLAND AS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY WORKSHOP Helsinki August 30 – 31, 2004 Liisa Leijola ETLA 31.08.2004. ETLA Discussion Paper No. 909 Liisa Leijola Education system in Finland – Development and equality
E N D
Education system in Finland – Development and Equality FINLAND AS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY WORKSHOP Helsinki August 30 – 31, 2004 Liisa Leijola ETLA 31.08.2004
ETLA Discussion Paper No. 909 Liisa Leijola Education system in Finland – Development and equality http://www.etla.fi/julkaisuhaku.php?type=details&id=986
Doctoral degree (Post-graduate polytechnic degree) Licentiate degree ISCED Polytechnic degree Master’s degree 8 4 years Bachelor’s degree 7 UNIVERSITIES POLYTECHNICS 6 Matriculation examination Professional qualification 3 years 3 years UPPER SECONDARY SCHOOL VOCATIONAL SCHOOL 5 4 3 Compulsory education Lower secondary school 3 years 2 Primary school 6 years BASIC EDUCATION 1 Education system in Finland
12th century: schooling in Latin for the clergy 1543: first textbook in Finnish 19th century: Swedish schools and gymnasiums 1866: Education for all, common schools in Finnish 1898: School districts: < 2 km to school 1921: Basic right and duty for 7 to 12 -year-olds 1960s: 6 years common school, 5 years middle school, 3 yrs gymnasium 1970s: Basic education system, 9 years for 7 to 16 -year-olds Timeline of development Sweden Russia Finland
Regional Gender Socio-economic Intitially focus on regional equality and physical access to schools Number of schools and participation Currently equality in educational opportunity, gender and socio-economic equality Learning results Individual and school differences Further education for everyone Social security system: no unemployment benefits unless secondary education Principle of equality
In practice 100% participation Municipalities Free of charge Lunch, supplies, transportation, after school activities Girls perform better than boys Regional differences, interactions between types of inequality Basic education
Upper secondary shools (high school) 2 to 4 years Matriculation examination Municipalities Vocational schools (2 to 4 years) Professional qualifications State & municipalities Selection into schools, polarisation, gender differences 55% of 9th grade students in 1999 enrolled in upper secondary schools, 35% in vocational schools the following year 7% did not continue schooling Displacement, unemployment Secondary education
Half of working age population participates, public and private organisers Employer-sponsored education Technical fields Computer skills Reduces generation gap in educational achievement Coping with technological change in the workplace Adult education
20 universities Bachelor, Master, Licentiate, Doctorate State-owned, autonomous, private funding 35% 29 polytechnic insitutes Bachelor, (Master) Municipalities, foundations Entrance examinations (<5….% of applicants admitted) Financial aid to students, working while studying Long study times Higher education
University network University Source: Statistics Finland
Financing education Figure 2. Expenditure on primary and lower secondary eduation and all education, % of GDP in 1998. Source: OECD
Financing education Table 1. Total expenditure on education in Finland 1997-2001 and distribution between levels in 2001. Source: Statistics Finland
Financing education Figure 1. Education expenditure per student in 2001 Source: Statistics Finland
Financial aid to higher education students: Study grant 259.01 € Housing supplement 171.55 € + Student loan 220 € Total 650.56 €/month Working while studying very common (50%), 1/3 takes student loan Financial aid to students
Finland #1 in reading literacy Top 5 in science skills and maths Least deviation in scores Least effect from socio-demographic background, gender Expenditure per student in basic education OECD average Student /teacher ratio OECD average Time use in school OECD average PISA 2000
Principle of equality Society Education Universal basic education Appreciation for education & reading (TV subtitles!) What is the reason for success in basic education level?
1940s and 1950s General education level, academic ideals: Humanistic & Natural Sciences 1960s and 1970s Welfare state: Social sciences, public sector 1990s High technology, ICT: Engineering, technology 2000s Overeducation? Private funding? More specialisation? Ageing of the population? Crisis of the welfare state? Higher education policy and economic development
Education system in Finland – Development and Equality FINLAND AS A KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY WORKSHOP Helsinki August 30 – 31, 2004 Liisa Leijola ETLA 31.08.2004