Agriculture Engineering

1. Agriculture Engineering Essential Standard 6.00: Understand the agricultural engineering industry.

2. Objective 6.01 • Remember careers in agricultural engineering.

3. Agricultural Engineering Industry • Agricultural mechanics • Design • Operation • Maintenance • Service • Selling and • Use of power machinery, equipment, structures and utilities in agriculture

4. Examples of Careers in Agricultural Engineering • Agricultural Electrification, Power and Controls • Electrician • Safety technician • Electrical engineer • Agricultural Power Machinery • Farm or heavy equipment diesel mechanic • Parts person • Equipment salesperson • Small engine mechanic • Large machinery operator (ie. bulldozer)

5. Examples of Careers in Agricultural Engineering • Soil and Water Engineering • Soil Conservation technician • Irrigation Engineer • Agricultural Mechanics, Construction, and Maintenance Skills • Construction worker • Welder • Safety specialist

6. Examples of Careers in Agricultural Engineering • Agricultural Structures, Equipment, and Facilities • Construction supervisor • Farmstead planner • Greenhouse builder • CAD engineer

7. Objective 6.02 • Understand basic agricultural engineering principles and practices.

8. Shop Safety Awareness and Principles for Safety • Of all farm related accidents, nearly 50% involve working with machinery. • Safety • Developing an environment free from danger, risk or injury. • Keys to shop: • Trained in safe and proper tool operations • Pass a safety test prior to using the shop • Keep the shop clean • Remove unnecessary hazards such • oily rags • Make sure all machines have safety shields in place

9. Shop Safety Awareness and Principles for Safety • Wear appropriate personal protective clothing and devices. For example: • Safety glasses or goggles • Leather steel-toed shoes • Ear protection (plugs or muffs) • hearing loss when the noise level exceeds 90 dB (decibels) • Other safety clothing may be required for certain work such as welding

10. Safety Color Coding in the Agricultural Mechanics Shop • National organizations worked together to develop the system • The American Society of Agricultural Engineers and the Safety Committee of the American Vocational Association • alerts people to dangers and hazards • provides information to help on react quickly in an emergency • conveys a special message based on a standard code

11. Basic Safety Code Colors • RED • Identifies areas of danger • Red is used on safety switches and fire extinguishers • Red = Danger

12. Basic Safety Code Colors • ORANGE • Designates machine hazards, such as edges and openings • It is also used as background for electrical switches, levers and controls • Orange = Warning.

13. Basic Safety Code Colors • YELLOW • Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs • adjust or control machines • Yellow = Caution

14. Basic Safety Code Colors • BLUE • Used on signs such as “Out of Order” • identify broken shop equipment that does not work or does not work properly • Blue = Information

15. Basic Safety Code Colors • GREEN • Indicates the presence of first aid and safety equipment • Green = Safety

16. Fire Hazards in the Agricultural Mechanics Shop • Fire Triangle • Components necessary for a fire • Fuel – Any combustible material that will burn • Examples: oily rags, sawdust, paper, etc. • Heat – Most materials burn if they are made hot enough • Oxygen (O) – Not a fuel, but must be present for fuels to burn

17. Fire Hazards in the Agricultural Mechanics Shop • Fire Prevention • Take away one of the components of the fire triangle and fire will not start or will stop if already started. • Safe storage of fuels or combustible materials • Store fuels in approved containers • Clean shop facilities

18. Extinguishing Fires • Fire Extinguishers • Know the kind of fire extinguisher • Class A Fire Extinguishers use water to control ordinary combustibles • Know the placement of fire extinguishers so that time is not taken looking for the extinguisher if a fire occurs. • hung on walls within easy reach in areas where fires would most likely occur • Know how to use • held upright, the ring pin is pulled, and a lever is pressed • nozzle of the extinguisher toward the base of the fire

19. Extinguishing Fires • Other examples • Wrapping a person in a blanket whose clothes are on fire • eliminates oxygen from getting to the fire • Cooling with water from a hose or bucket a burning container of paper

20. Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project • Simple Project Designs • Sharp lead pencil • Protractor for drawing and measuring angles • Good eraser for making corrections • A twelve-inch ruler • Compass for drawing circles and arches

21. Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project • More Detailed Plans • Drawing board • Masking • The T square • drawing horizontal lines • The right triangle (30, 60, 90 degree triangle) in conjunction with the T square, is used to draw vertical lines. • The scale • Instrument with all increments shortened according to proportion • Flat scale – looks similar to a ruler. • Triangular scale – three sided, but six scales

22. Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project • Large Scale Projects • CAD (computer- aided design) • reduce design time for large scale projects

23. Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project • Basics of Drawing • Sketch • rough drawing that is not to scale • does have dimensions included • Pictorial drawing • shows all three dimensions at once • Front • side (end) • top

24. Planning an Agricultural Engineering Project • Basics of Drawing • Scale drawing • represents an object in exact proportion • ¼” =1’ • ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ • 2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ • Scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawn

25. Reading a Tape Rule • Display units of measure • U.S. customary system • Metric system • Marked to show halves, quarters, eighths, and sixteenths of an inch • Typically, vertical lines of different heights represent these various intervals

26. Wood Projects • Nails • Fastest way to fasten wood • Nail hammer or nail gun are the preferred tools • Screws • hold better than nails • flathead screw is the one most used in woodworking • Phillips head is preferred • Bolts • fastening wood at high stress points • Gluing • glued wood joint will be as strong as the wood itself • Gluing is often accompanied by nails, screws, etc. • Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps • Bar clamps are one type of clamp used

27. Metal Projects • Steel • most commonly used • at least 4 kinds of steel • Soapstone • soft, gray rock • shows up well on most metals • The hand tool most often used for cutting metal is the hacksaw • Hacksaws are especially useful for cutting thin conduit • Metal cutting band saws and power hacksaws • used for large projects

28. Objective 6.03 • Remember tools and their safety practices related to the agricultural mechanics industry.

29. Safety using Hand Tools • Use the correct tool for the job • Keep and use tools that are in good working condition • Use tools skillfully • Wear appropriate protective clothing and devices • safety glasses • steel- toed shoes • ear protection

30. Tools used in Agricultural Mechanics • Layout and measuring tools– used to measure or mark materials. • Chalk line reel • marking straight lines • Tape rule • straight or curved measuring, most to the 1/16th • Combination square • determining 45 and 90 degree angles • Try square • 90 degree squaring • Level • leveling and plumbing

31. Tools used in Agricultural Mechanics • Saws – used to cut materials • Hacksaw • sawing metal • Portable circular saw • sawing wood in construction projects • Circular carbide saw blade • blade for use on portable circular saw • Coping saw • cutting curves and irregular cuts • Portable jig saw • making irregular cuts

32. Tools used in Agricultural Mechanics • Boring tools – used to make holes or change size or shape of holes. • Countersink • flaring top of hole for recessing head for flathead screw or bolt • Masonry bit • Boring in concrete, brick or block • Potable electric drill • drilling holes with an external source of electricity • Straight shank drill bit • drilling metal • Speed bore bit • wood-boring bit for electric drill

33. Tools used in Agricultural Mechanics • Hammers and driving tools • Ball pein hammer – hammering metal • Nail hammer – driving nails • Nail set – countersinking nail heads • Pin punch – driving out metal pins • Sledgehammer – heavy hammering

34. Tools used in Agricultural Mechanics • Pliers and holding tools • Long nose pliers – reaching into recessed areas • Slip joint pliers – adjust for holding various size material • Groove joint pliers – gripping when greater pressure is needed • C clamp – clamping two or more pieces of metal together • Drill press vise – holding stock while drilling

35. Tools used in Agricultural Mechanics • Wrenches are used to turn nuts, bolts, or screws • Adjustable wrench – turning various size nuts and bolts • Combination wrench – turning hex and square nuts and bolts • Pipe wrench – turning and holding metal pipe • Regular socket – general- purpose socket for turning nuts and bolts • Open end wrench –turning square head nuts and bolts