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FINAL EXAM REVIEW

FINAL EXAM REVIEW. TIMELINE. Supreme Court delivers Plessy vs. Fergeson (1896) NAACP is formed (1909) Supreme Court delivers Brown v. Board(1954) Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery, AL(1955) Montgomery Bus Boycott(1955-1956) March on Washington demonstration (1963) Civil Rights Act(1964)

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FINAL EXAM REVIEW

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  1. FINAL EXAM REVIEW

  2. TIMELINE • Supreme Court delivers Plessy vs. Fergeson (1896) • NAACP is formed (1909) • Supreme Court delivers Brown v. Board(1954) • Rosa Parks arrested in Montgomery, AL(1955) • Montgomery Bus Boycott(1955-1956) • March on Washington demonstration (1963) • Civil Rights Act(1964) • AIM standoff at Wounded Knee, SD (1973) • Republicans introduce Contract with America(1994 • Gratz v. Bollinger(2003

  3. What did the case of Plessy v Ferguson establish? • “Separate but equal” • Upheld segregation

  4. Why did African American and Mexican American Students benefit less that Whites from public education? • Even though law said “separate but equal”, the facilities available were not

  5. What did W.E.B du Bois encourage students to seek in school? • Their own profession, especially in liberal arts education

  6. How did minstrel shows portray African Americans? • Unintelligent, illiterate, unable to follow the law • Made fun of them • laughable

  7. Why was the NAACP founded? • 1909 • Group dedicated to African Americans fighting discrimination through the court system

  8. What were some of the issues women faced in the 1800s • Unable to vote • Unfair wages, jobs • Unsafe working conditions • Social restrictions

  9. What development helped women take their first steps towards public life? • Women became organized into groups • National women’s rights groups formed

  10. Why did MLK Jr. pick Birmingham, AL, for demonstrations • He believed it was the most segregated city in the entire country

  11. What happened after Congress passed the Voting Rights Act 1965 • African American registered voters increased • For the first time, many African Americans were elected to public office at all levels

  12. After the Civil War, what happened to the civil rights movement? After WWII? • Declined after Civil War • Rose/accelerated after WWII

  13. Where did Pres. Truman order an end to discrimination? • Armed forces • Previously segregated, many black units not allowed to fight, put to menial tasks

  14. How did Pres. Eisenhower use the National Guard in 1957? • AR governor thought integration of schools would cause too much trouble, called National Guard to stop new black students from entering the school • Eisenhower took federal control of the National Guard, and turned them around to stop the people against the blacks getting into school, enforcing school integration

  15. In the 1920s and 1930s, the NAACP had success in challenging what? • Many of the segregation laws that had existed since the end of slavery

  16. How did the National Urban League help newcomers? • Providing them with housing and job opportunities

  17. MLK, influenced by Gandhi, believed in….? • Nonviolent protesting

  18. Freedom Summer and Selma March were conducted to draw attention to African Americans’ lack of…. • Civil Rights, particularly voting rights

  19. How did the SNCC come under the leadership of Stokely Carmichael? • The SNCC was taking a new direction in how it pushed for civil rights • Moved from “integration” to being a more and more militant organization

  20. What was the Warren Court decision on Kennedy’s assassination? • That the assassin acted alone • “Grassy Knoll” theory • conspiracy

  21. Chief Justice Earl Warren’s court focused on…. • Constitutional rights of citizens • Particularly those of people being accused of crimes • Miranda Rights

  22. Kennedy’s domestic success • New frontier • Economic reforms, fought poverty, propelled America headfirst into the Space Race by expanding the space program

  23. Immigration Act of 1965 • Abolished national origin quotas set for immigrants (no more set number of people allowed in from each outside country)

  24. Effect of Supreme Court decisions on Apportionments • Redrew the areas from which people would vote from • People moved from cities to suburban areas, needed to redraw voting discricts • Changed the number of seats available in government to each area

  25. What did JFK’s New Frontier focus on? • Economy, poverty, and the space program

  26. Women’s Movement of 1960 grew out of frustration with…? • Discrimination against women, especially in the types of jobs that were available to them

  27. ERA passed Congress in 1972, but what happened? • It was not ratified by enough states to be enacted into law

  28. Why did many women reject the women’s movement? • Many women did not want to work equally as men, and preferred more traditional roles for women in society

  29. What is feminism? • The belief that women are socially, politically, and economically equal to men

  30. Whose phones did Nixon order wiretapped? • Members of his own staff

  31. Nixon and his aides responded to the siege mentality of the White House by… • Wiretaps, enemies list

  32. Nixon approved _______, a group formed in response to the Pentagon Papers • Plumbers • Ex CIA, ex FBI guys

  33. The Watergate Burglars were caught trying to do what? • Place wiretaps/phone taps on the phones of the Democratic National Committee office

  34. Why did Nixon fire the Special Prosecutor? • Archibald Cox demanded Nixon hand over secret White House recordings

  35. What did Nixon do as evidence mounted against him? • He handed over the tapes, with 18 minutes erased, then resigned from office

  36. What was Ford’s most controversial act as Pres.? • Pardoning former pres. Nixon

  37. What was the Iran-Contra affair • The secret plan of selling military arms to Iran to fund and arm rebels in Nicaragua

  38. What was the goal of Reagan’s policy towards Nicaragua? • Overthrow the Marxist (communist) government, led by the Sandinistas

  39. What was the Boland Amendment? • Amendment signed that made it illegal for the CIA to aid the Contras fighting the Sandinistas in Nicaragua

  40. How did Americans find out about America’s role in providing aid to Nicaragua? • Lone US pilot who was shot down and survived, captured and put on international TV and told of his US sponsored mission, and the covert aid program

  41. Why was it illegal to sell arms to Iran? • There was an embargo against Iran at the time

  42. How did Presient Reagan justify selling arms to Iran? • Get prisoner’s back from Iran-backed Lebanon

  43. What did the Tower Commission decide? • That Reagan was aware of the arms deals to Iran, but did not know of the diversion of the money to the Contras • Contain communism

  44. President Reagan’s approval rating when he left office: • Highest of any president since FDR, despite the speculation of his involvement in the Iran-Contra affair

  45. Whitewater? • Scandal involving president Bill Clinton, his wife, their friends, and a real estate venture that went bankrupt

  46. Ken Starr?? • Was appointed independent counsel to investigate Clinton’s role in the Whitewater affair

  47. Final outcome of the Starr report • Bill Clinton was impeached by the House of Representatives, but was not convicted by the Senate • Obstruction of justice in lying about having an affair with Monica Lewinsky

  48. Why did conservatives criticize the New Deal and Great Society? • Because it expanded the size of the Federal government

  49. What was a major factor for Reagan beating Carter? • Iran-hostage Crisis

  50. What were Reagan’s main goals? • Cut back government regulations on business and industry

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