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Microcomputer Architecture. Computers - Basic Architecture . Computers have: Input Output Storage (Memory) Connectivity (can be seen as an IO channel). Using the Computer . Basic components . Certain Key Components The Central Processor Central Memory (RAM - Volatile Memory)
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Computers - Basic Architecture • Computers have: • Input • Output • Storage (Memory) • Connectivity (can be seen as an IO channel)
Basic components • Certain Key Components • The Central Processor • Central Memory (RAM - Volatile Memory) • Permanent Storage • Input • Output
What Do Computers Do? • They add • They Subtract • Which is negative addition • They multiply • Which is adding multiple times • They Divide • Which is negative adding a bunch of times • They do more complicated things – • Square roots, power functions, exponentiation, logarithms • All by numeric approximation – which is addition • They move the data around that they add. • That’s all…
The CPU • Functions as the arithmetic unit of the computer • It operates according to it’s clock cycle • A 1.8 GHz computer has a clock that cycles 1.8 billion times per second
Some simple binary arithmetic • People count by 10s • Because we have ten fingers • Computers count by ones • Because magnetic storage media can electricity can be easily set to “on” and “off” • Or 0 and 1
Binary addition • Adding Binary Numbers is Simple • 3 Rules • 0 + 0 = 0 • 1 + 0 = 1 • 1 + 1 = 10 ( = 0 and carry the 1 to the next higher column)
Does this look familiar • Binary Addition is the electrical/electronic application of the exclusive or from logic • Many numbers that are encountered frequently in computers arise from binary arithmetic • More Info
Get on the Bus • Computers read data on the “buses” that te CPU has • Two Buses of note • Data Bus • The data read into (or written from) the CPU or memory • Address Bus • The spot in memory to read from or write to
Digital Systems • So, in the end, we can see that computers simply move ad add 0’s and 1’s. • And out of this, we can build incredibly rich and complex experiences • Such as**** • Or…