Factors Behind The Decline of Islamic Science

1. Factors Behind The Decline of Islamic Science ACTUARIAL SCIENCE AND RISK MANAGEMENT

2. THE DECLINE OF ISLAMIC SCIENCE

3. InTernal factors

4. LACK OF SPONSORSHIP • The appreciation and recognition of society has been changed; appreciates the black magic experts and mystics instead of rational experts. The tendency makes scientists have been placed in the edge and do not get the attention and sponsorship from the government and also contribution from wealthy society have decreased. This affects the concentration and research to the development of natural science.

5. DECLINE OF RATIONAL KNOWLEDGE • Role of ulama’ and rational science experts to help govern the government have been changed to the blackmagic experts and witchmen. At that time, there has tendency among the elits group and government to use the service from the blackmagic experts and witchmen to forecast the best day for them to do their works and ecetera.

6. FOND OF ENTERTAINMENT AND DISSIPATED LIFESTYLE • The recession of ethics (akhlak) among the Islamic people also gives bad effect to the development of knowledge. This happens when the Islamic society tends to the entertainment and enjoys their life instead of loving of knowledge.

7. OTHER INTERNAL FACTORS Theological factors • learning science will mislead the aqidah. • The importance of language or grammatical knowledge (nahu) overcome logic • decline of the Muslims’ holdings towards the teaching of al-Quran. Epistemological factors • Segregation between the fitrah and foreign knowledge. • Weakness of Islamic society to the quranic teaching.

8. EXTERNAL FACTORS

9. THE CRUSADES-POST EFFECT • The efforts to confront the Crusaders, which lasted for two centuries, weakened the local economies and the Arab urban centers. This enormous task required formidable military strength. It was only through the unity of Syria and Egypt under the Ayyubids and, the, Mamelukes, and through the military system that was adopted, that the Crusaders were finally defeated and expelled. • However, the most obvious effect is the hijacks of Western to the Islamic society had disturb the harmonious situation in Islamic countries and between muslim and non-muslim .

10. MONGOLIAN INVASION • In the middle of the thirteenth century, and while the core Islamic lands were still busy with the expulsion of the Crusaders, another terrible invasion came from the East. Genghis Khan united the nomadic tribes of Mongolia and launched a devastating assault against the Eastern Islamic lands. • The most disastrous effect of the Mongol invasion was depopulation. The capture of Baghdad and several towns was followed by horrible mas­sacres. The number of inhabitants who were slaughtered in Baghdad after its conquest according to Arabic sources ranged between 800,000 and 2 million.

11. ECONOMIC DEPRESSION • From the 9th century to the 13th century, Islamic people are the ‘king of ocean and they conquer almost the trading and ocean path from Mediterranean to the Hindi Ocean. However ,all the commercial activities like the trading of spices and other else which are under the conquest of Islamic people, changing to the hand of non-Islamic people nowadays. The economy recession and falling has stopped the fund and sponsorship for the scientific activities and science institution in Islamic society.