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Self-domestication in bonobos (Hare et al., 2012)

Self-domestication in bonobos (Hare et al., 2012). Joshua Fernandez. Introduction and Goals. Present and give evidence for a model of self-domestication in mammals Describe traits correlated with aggression and domestication (domestication syndrome)

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Self-domestication in bonobos (Hare et al., 2012)

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  1. Self-domestication in bonobos(Hare et al., 2012) Joshua Fernandez

  2. Introduction and Goals • Present and give evidence for a model of self-domestication in mammals • Describe traits correlated with aggression and domestication (domestication syndrome) • Explain how selection against aggression affects self-domestication • Compare the differences between dogs and wolves with the differences between chimpanzees and bonobos • Use comparison as evidence for self-domestication in bonobos

  3. Self-domestication Hypothesis • Inter- and intraspecies selection against aggression • Intraspecies: wolves who were less aggressive and less afraid of humans were able to get more food • Interspecies: chimpanzees have to compete with gorillas for resources • Differences in developmental pathways cause changes in the species • Domestication syndrome traits may appear

  4. Domestication Syndrome • Four major categories of traits: • Physiological: • Reduced HPA axis reactivity (decreases aggression), more reproductive cycles • Behavioral: • Reduced aggression, increased tolerance, increased pro-social behavior (play, recreational sex, grooming) • Anatomical: • Reduction in cranial capacity, shortening of face, smaller teeth, depigmentation, floppy ears, less sexual dimorphism • Cognitive: • Example: Experimental Siberian foxes were able to understand basic human gestures as well as dog puppies

  5. Dog vs. Wolf

  6. Ontogeny • Individuals selected for less aggression tend to only show juvenile levels of aggression • Lower levels of corticosteroid (less stress) and higher levels of serotonin • Depigmentation may be caused by changes in dopamine levels

  7. Bonobo vs. Chimpanzee

  8. Discussion • Evidence of self-domestication in bonobos presents traits that can reliably predict behavior across species • Could help explain morphological changes in species • Gives evidence for relationships between gene expression and brain development • Future studies should focus on other species that show signs of self-domestication, such as the Florida Key deer • Species currently adapting to urban settings

  9. Questions?

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