What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity?

1. “Indeed, some people would suggest that an intimate knowledge of how something works somehow diminishes its charm, relegating it to a simple deterministic consequence of a mechanical universe. But ignorance is not bliss . . .” -- O.J. Reichman

2. What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity? • Catalog and track species • Project future changes • Document threats and study the processes behind them • Examine the value of diversity • Apply knowledge to restoration and management

3. Tephritidae (true fruit flies) Genus: Trupanea Photo: Idelle Cooper Photo: Idelle Cooper

6. Seed feeding

7. Shoot meristem feeders Gall makers or stem feeders

8. Single origin of Hawaiian taxa Ann O’Brien ‘03 Margaret Funk ‘08 Phylogenetic hypothesis (so far) based on variation in 836 bp of mtDNA (COI & II) and 967 bp of nuclear EF-1 using Bayesian analysis (MrBayes 3.1). Most taxa have multiple haplotypes (2-12) sequenced, but for simplicity are not shown here.

11. What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity? • Catalog and track species • Project future changes • Document threats and study the processes behind them • Examine the value of diversity • Apply knowledge to restoration and management

12. Species-Area relationships S = c * Az log S = log c + z * log A

13. What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity? • Catalog and track species • Project future changes • Document threats and study the processes behind them • Examine the value of diversity • Apply knowledge to restoration and management

14. Figure 55-11a-hypothesis

15. Figure 55-11b-setup

16. Figure 55-11c-results

17. 15 new sheep introduced into the population Figure 55-12

18. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/gardner/biocontrol/Myrica%20faya/Myrica%20faya%20in%20field.JPGhttp://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/gardner/biocontrol/Myrica%20faya/Myrica%20faya%20in%20field.JPG

19. Vitousek and Walker 1989 http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/gardner/biocontrol/myrica%20faya/myrica.htm

21. Great Lakes Worm Watch

22. Hale et al. 2008 http://www.nrri.umn.edu/worms/

23. What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity? • Catalog and track species • Project future changes • Document threats and study the processes behind them • Examine the value of diversity • Apply knowledge to restoration and management

24. Figure 55-14a-hypothesis

25. Figure 55-14b-setup

26. Figure 55-14c-results

27. Figure 55-15a-hypothesis

28. Figure 55-15b-setup

29. Figure 55-15c-results

30. Catalog and track species Project future changes Document threats and study the processes behind them Examine the value of diversity Apply knowledge to restoration and management What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity?

31. Unconnected patches Connected patches Figure 55-16

32. Catalog and track species Project future changes Document threats and study the processes behind them Examine the value of diversity Apply knowledge to restoration and management What do biologists do about conservation and biodiversity?

33. Hartshorn, 1992