The Future of Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxy: Measurement, Simulation, and Discoveries

1. The future of the Milky Way and the Andromeda Galaxy Lukas Gabi, Rico Bürgler

2. Content Discovery of Andromeda Galaxy Measurement Simulation After the collision: What happens to our solar system?

3. Can be seen without telescope Apparent dimensions 3.167° × 1° Only the core is visible by eye Visibility and comparison

4. Described by Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi 964 AD Labeled M31 by Charles Messier, discovery by Simon Marius Measurement of radial velocity and distance at the beginning of the 20th century indicated Andromeda not being a nebula in the milky way Discovery of Andromeda

5. Measurement • Radial velocity measured at Lowell Observatory in 1913 • Blue shift indicated approaching velocity of 300km/s • Relative velocity to Milky Way: ~110km/s • Distance determined by Edwin Hubble in 1925 settled the “Great Debate” between Harlow Shapley and Heber CurtisDistance: ~2.5 million ly

6. Measurement • Proper motion (sideways) much harder to measure • High resolution telescopes were used to determine movement relative to background stars • Proper motion measured with hubble telescope from pictures between 2002 and 2012: Andromeda's tangential velocity with respect to the Milky Way is much smaller

8. After the collision • Star formation from compression stardust • New Galaxy “Milkomeda” with a binary system in the center • Binary system will finally merge into a single center • Some stars may fall into one of the centers • Other stars can be catapulted out of the galaxy • Triangulum Galaxy will eventually collide with Milkomeda

10. After the collision

11. After the collision

13. Questions?