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D.A. Johnson, T.A. Jones, J.H. Cane, D.R. Gardner, and M.D. Peel

Basalt Milkvetch and Globemallows: North American Forbs for Rehabilitation, Conservation, and Forage Production. D.A. Johnson, T.A. Jones, J.H. Cane, D.R. Gardner, and M.D. Peel. Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project.

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D.A. Johnson, T.A. Jones, J.H. Cane, D.R. Gardner, and M.D. Peel

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  1. Basalt Milkvetch and Globemallows: North American Forbs for Rehabilitation, Conservation, and Forage Production D.A. Johnson, T.A. Jones, J.H. Cane, D.R. Gardner, and M.D. Peel

  2. Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project Goal:Increase native plant materials available for restoration of disturbed rangelands Scarlet Globemallow Basalt Milkvetch Munroe Globemallow

  3. Basalt Milkvetch -Astragalus filipes * Widely spread * Upright habit * Nitrogen fixer * Creamy, showy flower * Good seed production * No reports of toxicity

  4. Seed Collection for Basalt Milkvetch • Obtained location information from herbarium specimens • Mapped specimen sites for collection • Collected seed, forage, root nodules, and soil from each site

  5. Passport Data for Each Collection • Taxonomic identification • Location to nearest town • Latitude, longitude, elevation • Site exposure, slope • Site physical characteristics • Associated vegetation • Other notes

  6. 83 Seed and Forage Collections of Basalt Milkvetch from Six-State Area and BC

  7. Basalt Milkvetch Collections

  8. Occurs on Wide Diversity of Sites Warrior Mine Gabbs, NV Champs Flat Susanville, CA Illipah Canyon, NV

  9. Good Seed Producer Oregon Nevada California

  10. Does Well in Burned Areas Nevada Oregon

  11. Competitive With Cheatgrass Clarno, OR Burns, OR

  12. Collection of Root Nodules and Soil for Isolation of Rhizobium Digging Nodules Individual Nodules

  13. Toxicity to Livestock and Wildlife (Poisonous Plant Research Lab, Logan) Analyzed Forage Samples for: • Nitro-toxins • Selenium • Swainsonine No detectable levels or extremely low levels

  14. Challenges: Basalt Milkvetch • Slow, extended germination • Poor seedling vigor • Seed predation (true weevils, seed beetles)

  15. Selection for Improved Seedling Vigor

  16. Establish Common Garden Nurseries at Logan and Millville * Ecotypic variation * Genetic Diversity

  17. Other Possible Selection Characteristics * Plant vigor * Forage yield * Competitive interactions * Grazing tolerance * Persistence * Seed yield

  18. Ongoing Studies with Jim Cane Seed Predation Pollination

  19. Globemallow Characteristics • Scarlet Globemallow (Sphaeralcea coccinea) • Prostrate habit • Rhizomatous • Leaves deeply lobed • Munroe Globemallow (S. munroana) • Upright habit • Non-spreading • Leaves more ovate Both are drought tolerant

  20. Origin of Germplasm • Scarlet Globemallow • * Selected from ARS-2936 (germplasm release) • Munroe Globemallow • * Selected from ARS-2892 (germplasm release) • * Additional collections from: • Box Elder County, Utah • Wasatch County, Utah • Coconino County, Arizona

  21. Scarlet Globemallow Improvement • Selection for: * Seed production * Seedling vigor * Whole plant vigor * Persistence • Rhizome development (up to 1 m/yr) • Two populations: * Rangelands * Ornamental use (extended flowering) * Similar strategy with Munroe Globemallow

  22. Acknowledgements Great Basin Native Plant Selection and Increase Project

  23. Typical Breeding Scheme for Cross-Pollinated Crops Germplasm assembled and planted. No evaluation year of establishment. Material is evaluated for traits, 1-5 years, typically 2 years. Plants established in the field. Selected plants crossed to produce seed. Crossing in the field requires an extra year. Seed evaluated for germination and seedling vigor. Process repeated three or four times to develop cultivar.

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