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Soil contamination Management

Soil contamination Management. in Korea. Contents. Soil Environment Conservation Act Soil Monitoring Policy Contaminated soil management Future Policy direction. Soil Environment Conservation Act. I-1 History of soil environment policy I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act

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Soil contamination Management

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  1. Soil contamination Management in Korea

  2. Contents • Soil Environment Conservation Act • Soil Monitoring Policy • Contaminated soil management • Future Policy direction

  3. Soil Environment Conservation Act I-1 History of soil environment policy I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act I-3 System of soil environment management

  4. I-1 History of soil environment policy 1 2 3 1 2 1995 ~ ~ 1980 2000 2004 2009 Early Phase (Before 1980) - Farmland-centered soil management policy for increase of production - Soil contamination occurred such as excessive uses of soil and chemicals - Little understanding of soils, absence of soil policy Growth Phase (1980 ~ 1994) - Development of heavy chemical industry → Serious soil contamination • Run soil measuring networks • Conduct soil contamination survey throughout the country('87)

  5. I-1 History of soil environment policy 1 2 3 3 1995 ~ ~ 1980 2000 2004 2009 Development Phase (After 1995) - Establish Soil Environment Conservation Act(’95.1), Decree and Regulations(’96.1) • - 2000 : Tighten up the law on Prevention of soil contamination and remediation • · Integrate regulations for Petroleum storage facilities • · Establish the management guideline • · Add more contaminants(11 → 16) • · Introduce the regulation of soil environment assessment (ESA) • · Establish the Detailed Soil survey guidelines • 2004 • · Reporting of soil contamination and Enrollment of soil remediation business • · Introduce verification of remediation and risk assessment articles • 2009 • · Add more contaminants(16 →21) and Subdivide area(2→3) • · Tighten up the remediation regulation

  6. I-2 Structure of soil environment conservation Act General Provision Regulation on soil contamination Designation/Management of specific region • Purpose • Definitions • Establishing basic plan • Soil contamination level • Measuring Network • Compensation for loss • Soil environment assessment • Strict liability • Reporting soil contamination • Supervision of specific facilities • Soil survey • Remediation of contaminated soil • Verification • Risk assessment • Level for designation of specific region • Establishing management plan • Project for improving soil quality • Restriction on using land and activities • Cancellation of designation Specialized agencies/ Remediation business Supplementary provisions • Designation of special agency • Cause for Disqualification • Prohibition on a subsidiary businesses • Revocation of designation • Execution by proxy • Assistance from relevant organizations • State subsidy • Report and examination • Standards for administrative disposition • Hearing • Delegation of powers

  7. I-3 System of soil environment management Survey & Remediation responsibility Nation • Soil measuring network (Regional MOE) • Actual state soil survey (City, province) Survey Private • Soil contamination survey • Soil environment assessment Remediation Polluter pays principle Polluter, Owner, Occupant, Operator

  8. I-3 System of soil environment management Legal management system of soil contamination Soil measuring networks Actual state survey Soil contamination survey Below worrisome level No action needed • Area exceeding worrisome level • (Available to exceed worrisome level due to accidents) Below worrisome level Detailed soil survey Over worrisome level • Area exceeding worrisome level • Area needed response activities Article 15: Orders to take preventive measures -Improvements in or relocation of facilities -Restrictions on use of relevant material -Remediation of contaminated soils Article 17: Designation of areas requiring response for soil conservation -Response level (Decree Article 12) -Notice of the location Execution of order Direct remediation: military facilities (below 50m3) Commissioned remediation: - Execution of order: 2 year (2 extension available) - Report to government - Government’sverification Article 18, 19, 20, 21: Formulation and execution of response plan -Project to improve contaminated soil -Plan to use the land -Notice of the location Not executed At most 2 years imprisonment Or a fine of $ 10M

  9. I-3 System of soil environment management Organization of soil management Ministry of Knowledge Economy Ministry of Food, Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Ministry of National Defense National Emergency Management Agency MOE (Masterplan for soil conservation) NIER (R&D for soil conservation) Local Environment Office (Soil survey & Manage agencies) Local government (Manage specific facilities, soil survey and remediation) • K eco • KEITI • KEI • Survey agencies • Agencies for leakage test • Soil remediation businesses • Associations related to soil environment • Environmental NGOs • Other business groups

  10. II. Soil Monitoring Policy II-1 Soil Measuring Network II-2 Actual state soil survey II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities II-4 Management of vulnerable area

  11. II-1 Soil Measuring Network Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5) For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination the Minister of Environment shall establish a measuring network and measure the degree of soil contamination at all time Organization Ministry of Environment (1,521) 7 Local Environment Office (Regional MOE) Youngsan River Basin (262) Han River Basin (285) Nakdong River Basin (190) Geum River Basin (228) Daegu Office (243) Jeonju Office (120) Wonju Office (193)

  12. II-1 Soil Measuring Network Land Categories Items Field, Paddy Field, Orchard, Woodland, Ranch, Parks, Amusement, Sports, Riverside and School Heavy metal(8) Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, Ni General(2) CN, Organophosphorus* * For Field, Paddy field, Orchard and Sports Other(1) pH Road, House, Factory, Railroad and Multipurpose Heavy metal(8) Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Pb, Cr+6, Zn, Ni General(7) PCBs*, CN*, Phenols*, TPH, BTEX, F, TCE*, PCE* * For factory and multipurpose Other(1) pH Guideline (Procedure) Soil sampling 0 ~ 15 cm below ground level(Field, Paddy field etc.) Sampling at the depth of contamination source placed Record all about sampling (Location number, sampling depth, date etc.) Analysis and Report the results ※ Samples must be kept for 1 year at laboratories Guideline (Analysis items)

  13. II-2 Actual state soil survey Measuring Degree of soil contamination (Article5) For the purpose of surveying the actual nationwide state of soil contamination the Mayor/Province governor shall conduct an actual state of soil survey in the area under his jurisdiction, which is feared to suffer soil contamination 16 local Research Institutes of Public Health and Environment Framework City, County, District Check the area feared to suffer soil contamination Survey the actual state of soil contamination Report the survey results(December) Report the detailed soil survey results(Next June) Notify the survey plan(February) City, Province Make the survey plan Report the survey plan(February) Report the survey results(Next January) Report the detailed soil survey results(Next July) Notify the survey results(Next March) Ministry of Environment Make and announce a survey procedure Put all the reports together and estimate the results

  14. II-2 Actual state soil survey Guideline (Procedure) Site visit & Select survey area Area feared to suffer soil contamination(16 categories) Industrial area, metal smelting area, Waste dumping/incinerating area, etc. Make a priority list and report the survey plan Sampling and analysis ※ Samples must be kept for 3 years at laboratories Report the results supervise following step for the area over worrisome level Minimum survey area by region (2,000 sites)

  15. II-3 Soil contamination survey for specific facilities Owner’s duty on management of specific facilities Report on Facilities Subject to Control of Specific Soil Contamination Install the facilities to prevent soil contamination Examination of Soil Contamination Examination of the level of Soil Contamination (Every 1 ~ 5 year) Examination of the level of Leakage (Every 8 year after 10 years) Number of specific facilities in Korea(2009)

  16. II-4 Management of vulnerable area Abandoned mine areas - From 1992, soil contamination survey and mine reclamation work have been conducted at abandoned mine areas because environment contamination becomes social issues - Soil contamination survey has been conducted at 936 mine areas among total of 2,089 mine areas - Make a master plan to manage area around Abandoned mine(2004) - Asbestos mine • MOE and MKE(Ministry of Knowledge and Economy) conduct • a detailed survey

  17. II-4 Management of vulnerable area Check the site condition (Storage tanks, wastes, etc.) Review relative data (Document, Interview, etc.) Conduct survey (Sampling, Analysis, etc.) Estimation (Extent of contamination, Remedial methods, etc.) Industrial complex - From 2004, soil contamination survey has been conducting at 25 industrial complexes that have high possibility of contamination - Targeting 25 national and local industrial complexes that have over 1 Mm2 and 10-year-old • Since 2004, survey for 20 complexes has been completed • Survey Procedure Site visit Estimation Meeting with relatives Conduct survey

  18. II-4 Management of vulnerable area USFK granted lands - Soil and groundwater contamination survey has been conducted at USFK granted lands that are under operation or return • Since 2004, 52 USFK granted lands have been surveyed and • 18 camps are returned and under remediation • Since 2008, surroundings of 28 USFK granted land have been surveyed

  19. III. Contaminated soil management III-1 Detailed soil investigation III-2 Verification of soil remediation

  20. III-1 Detailed soil investigation Purpose - Area soil contamination recognized - Delineate the extent and volume of contamination Procedure Phase I Data Review, Site visit, etc. Phase II Check contaminants and contaminated area Phase III Detailed soil survey to delineate the contamination • Topsoil & Subsoil survey • Determine sampling density by targeted area • Groundwater and River(stream) survey • Prevention of contamination and recommend remediation methods Responsible party should conduct the detailed soil investigation in 1 year

  21. III-2 Verification of soil remediation Ministry of Environment Manage the remediation results Report the completion Report the survey results City, County, District Report the remediation plan Report the verification results Survey Agency Polluters Contract for detailed survey Make a contract Soil remediation business operator Make a verification plan Ask verification Report the verification plan Perform remediation Process verification Report the results Report of verification results Completion Completion verification • When soil remediation is undergoing, the process and the completion • of verification has to be conducted(Article 15-6) • - Remediation framework with verification

  22. IV. Future policy direction II-1 Risk Assessment II-2 Prevention of Soil erosion II-3 Soil Bank

  23. IV-1 Risk Assessment Review the plan (MOE) Notify the results to the public (>20days) Make a plan and Report to MOE Verify the results & Public opinions Monitoring soil Condition in every 2 yrs Risk Assessment (Article15-5) Minister of Environment, Mayor/Province governor, or responsible parties shall assess the extent of risk affecting human bodies and environment considering contaminants, surrounding conditions, plan for land use, etc and determine remediation extent and time to finish Subject area • Remediation on national property • Remediation on the land impossible to identify the responsible parties or • unable to remediate by the responsible parties • - Remediation on naturally contaminated land Procedures

  24. IV-2 Prevention of soil erosion Top soil erosion survey (Article 6-2) Minister of Environment shall survey soil erosion to figure out the top soil condition for managing soil as resources • Top soil contains lots of organic matters and nutrition • Unable to restore • Need to strengthen managing soil resources • Vulnerable topography in soil erosion • About 50 M ton/yr (28M in Crop field, 22M in Forestry)

  25. IV-3 Soil Bank Designation of soil bank (Article15-7) Minister of Environment shall designate soil bank in case that it is necessary to clean up efficiently gathering soil in an area (national property) • To remediate efficiently and recycle the remediated soil

  26. Our Precious resources for the next generation

  27. Thank You

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