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Technical lessons and improvements to the AWARE code Conference on Product Codes within REACH

Technical lessons and improvements to the AWARE code Conference on Product Codes within REACH. Gent, 4 and 5 October Pieter van Broekhuizen. Derivation AWARE. Starting-point considerations Product related code for VOC content Risk based approach Substitution support

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Technical lessons and improvements to the AWARE code Conference on Product Codes within REACH

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  1. Technical lessons and improvements to the AWARE codeConference on Product Codes within REACH Gent, 4 and 5 October Pieter van Broekhuizen

  2. Derivation AWARE • Starting-point considerations • Product related code for VOC content • Risk based approach • Substitution support • Simple, transparent system • Useable with data available in public domain • - SDS / Technical data / open literature

  3. Translation from paint to workplace air Product VOC-composition Airborne VOC exposure concentration mg VOC/l paint mg VOC/m3 workspace air

  4. Product composition airborne exposure concentration Determining factors: • Amount of VOC in product - Toxicity • Density of the liquid - Vapour pressure Translation: • Product = liquids + solids evaporation • Molar fractions / Raoults law / Henry’s law / definition questions / acceptable assumptions / transformations (mol/l to Pa) / evaporation dynamics / etc. etc. • Workspacevolume approaches zero • For liquids withPieq > 30.000 the evaporation is instanteous

  5. Risk approach:Margin of Safety Margin of Safety: Concentration Occupational Exposure Limit Exposure concentration AWARE1 approach: Total airborne concentration volatiles at workplace Combined OELs volatiles Vapour pressure component i

  6. Final AWARE1 Where: d = density of the product (kg dm-3) ci = mass percentage of the solvent ‘i’ in the product (% (m/m)) fi = evaporation factor of solvent ‘i’ (0 ≤ fi ≤ 1) = Pieq/30.000 Pieq = equilibrium vapour pressure of component i at room temperature (Pa) OELi = Occupational Exposure Limit of solvent ‘i’ (mg (solvent) m-3 (air)) AWARE1 =is defined as the amount of fresh air (m3), required to ventilate 1 m3 of the working space, to dilute the evaporated volatiles after applying 1 liter of solvent containing product, at a room temperature of 20C and an atmospheric pressure of 105 Pa, emitted from the surface of the treated object, which may lead to exposure of the worker, without adversely effecting the health of the worker. or: volume of fresh air (m3) required to dilute the air in the working space after use of 1 L of the product to a concentration below the level of the combined OEL

  7. AWARE2 code numbers • AWARE2 =Indicator for identified hazards of the product • Different toxic effects • (corrosivity, allergenicity, carcinogenicity etc) • R-phrase according to Dangerous Preparation Directive • AWARE2ranked in 5 classes (I – V) according to toxicity • Ranking table derived from other classification systems (IT-score, GWF, SOMS, ILO, MAL-2) • R67 not included in the AWARE2

  8. AWARE 2 coding

  9. AWARE code • Based on the Ready-For-Use product • Potential risk indicator with two digits: AWARE1 - AWARE2

  10. What developments in AWARE since 2006 ? • Fine tuning definition AWARE • AWARE restricted to manual application. For spraying application AWARE1 development of SPARE (SPray Air Requirement) • AWARE definition at 20°C and 105 Pa For use at elevated temperaturecorrection factor • For ventilation of 1 m3 working space AWARE1 used as input for calculation of workspace ventilation using a near field - far field approach (under development!)

  11. What developments in AWARE since 2006 ? • Fine tuning definition AWARE • AWARE restricted to manual application. For spraying application AWARE1 development of SPARE (SPray Air Requirement) • AWARE definition at 20°C and 105 Pa For use at elevated temperaturecorrection factor • For ventilation of 1 m3 working space AWARE1 used as input for calculation of workspace ventilation using a near field - far field approach (under development!)

  12. Vapour pressure multiplication factors for elevated temperature Derived by Clausius-Clapeyron equation using free enthalpy

  13. What developments in AWARE since 2006 ? • Fine tuning definition AWARE • AWARE restricted to manual application. For spraying application AWARE1 development of SPARE (SPray Air Requirement) • AWARE definition at 20°C and 105 Pa For use at elevated temperaturecorrection factor • For ventilation of 1 m3 working space AWARE1 used as input for calculation of workspace ventilation using a near field - far field approach (under development!)

  14. developments…… • Operationalisation default values for use in AWARE • Default risk factor f/OEL replaced by more comprehensible default OEL -in case of non-existing OELs - alternative approach for default setting allowed: for example read across or kick-off limit value procedure • Check on defaults for monomer content of binders -advise on reduction of default for epichlorohydrin in epoxy (0.1%) - justification of other defaults • Acceptance of not-using R45 (may cause cancer) for mineral spirit fractions

  15. developments…… • Validation of the AWARE1 • Relation of AWARE1 with VOC content product - no correlation established • Validation AWARE1 under standard exposure conditions - regression coefficient R2 = 0,86 , i.e. good correlation of AWARE1 and workplace concentration: High AWARE1 high exposure • Validation with actual workplace measurements - presentation Heusen : good correlation

  16. Relation of AWARE1 with VOC content product Polynomial fit Linear fit

  17. developments…… • Validation of the AWARE1 • Relation of AWARE1 with VOC content product - no correlation established • Validation AWARE1 under standard exposure conditions - regression coefficient R2 = 0,86 , i.e. good correlation of AWARE1 and workplace concentration: High AWARE1 high exposure • Validation with actual workplace measurements - presentation Heusen : good correlation

  18. Validation AWARE1 under standard exposure conditions Exposure data as % OEL, its linear correlation with the AWARE1 and the upper and lower 95% prediction intervals

  19. developments…… • Validation of the AWARE1 • Relation of AWARE1 with VOC content product - no correlation established • Validation AWARE1 under standard exposure conditions - regression coefficient R2 = 0,86 , i.e. good correlation of AWARE1 and workplace concentration: High AWARE1 high exposure • Validation with actual workplace measurements - presentations Heusen and Krop : good correlation

  20. developments…… 4.Comparison of the AWARE based on the analysed VOC composition with the SDS based AWARE

  21. Solvents measured versus default SDS Metal protective coatings (Epoxy – PU)

  22. Aware of protective epoxy coatings based on the SDS and the analysed VOC content

  23. developments…… update basis report The AWARE code Adequate Warning and Air Requirement A code for risk assessment of, and hazard communication on products containing volatile organic compounds Hildo Krop, Pieter van Broekhuizen, Fleur van Broekhuizen IVAM , Amsterdam, October 2007, Version 2.0

  24. developments…… User friendly web based tool for the calculation of the AWARE Development in final stage Foreseen Internet address: www.awaretool .eu www.awarecode.eu

  25. AWARE ready-for-use product calculation screen

  26. Thank you

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