Photography Merit Badge

1. Photography Merit Badge

2. Here’s what we’re gonna talk about……. * A brief History of Photography* Camera Types * Essentials of a Photo * Parts of a camera * Digital vs Film Cameras * Telling a story with Photos* Photography Careers* Final MB Requirement assignment

3. PHOTOGRAPHY A Brief History • First use of “Pinhole” camera in 4th & 5Th century BC in China. • 1st printed images on pewter made in France in 1826 by Joseph Niepce. • Daguerreotypes invented in Paris by Louis Daguerre in 1839.

4. PHOTOGRAPHY A Brief History • 1839 – Glass negatives invented by John Herschel in USA. • 1854 – First pictures printed on paper as “carte de visite” • 1861 – First color photograph • 1887– Film invented • 1900 – Brownie camera by Eastman Kodak Co. • 1925 – 35mm film for still pictures

5. PHOTOGRAPHY A Brief History • 1948 – Polaroid introduces “Instant” photography • 1981 – First digital portable camera invented • 1991 – First professional digital cameras – Cost = $13,000 • 1999 – Mega-pixel cameras (2.75 mega=pixels) • 2008 – Polaroid discontinues “Instant” pictures • Today – Digital photography as high as 26 mega-pixels • Today – HDR Photography

6. Camera Types Cartridge Film Cameras: Kodak “Instamatic” – 126 Cartridge Pocket Cameras – 110 Cartridge Disc Cameras – Disc Cartridge Film Large Format “Bellows” Film Cameras: 4X5 Sheet Film Cameras

7. Camera Types Roll Film Cameras: Medium Format Camera – 120mm & 220mm Roll Film 35mm SLR Cameras – 35mm Film Digital Cameras: Pocket Sized – 3–18 MP, 3-15x optical/digital zoom Digital SLR Cameras – 5-26 MP, Inter-changeable lenses Still/Video Digital Cameras – Shoots both still and Video Images

8. Essentials of a Photo • Natural light vs Artificial light

9. Essentials of a Photo • Aperture and What’s an F stop? • Aperture • All lenses for cameras have an opening size in the lens to let in light. • Some cameras have a fixed size and some have adjustable sizes. • The adjustment happens in the lens, but is changed outside the lens. • F/8 is most common size used, but adjustments include…. F/1.4, F/2, F/2.4, F/4, F/5.6 F/8, F/11, F/16, F/22 – These are the F stops • The smaller the F stop # the bigger the lens opening is going to be. The bigger the opening the more light gets into the camera to create a picture.

10. Essentials of a Photo • Shutter Speed • The speed of how quickly the shutter opens and closes. • Determines how long film or sensors are exposed to light. • Measured in factions of a second. • Fixed shutter speeds are usually set at 1/60th to 1/200th of a second • Adjustable speeds can be from 10 seconds to 1/2000th • The faster the speed, the more capability to “stop” motion in a moving subject. • Slower speeds can simulate motion, but will be blurry.

11. Essentials of a Photo • Depth of Field • How sharp (focus) a photograph is from foreground to background • A “shallow” depth of field = only the subject is in focus • A “long” depth of field = entire photo is in focus front to back • Depth is adjusted by the aperture size of the lens • The smaller the aperture (higher # i.e. F/22), the greater the depth • Requires move available light to use smaller aperture

12. Essentials of a Photo • Composition • Basics of lining up your photo through the view finder before taking your picture. • The Rule of Thirds……

15. Essentials of a Photo • Composition • Basics of lining up your photo through the view finder before taking your picture. • Leading Lines…. • Creating lines within your photography that causes the viewers eye to look through the picture.

18. Essentials of a Photo • Composition • Basics of lining up your photo through the view finder before taking your picture. • Framing…… the technique of drawing attention to the subject of your image by blocking other parts of the image with something in the scene.

21. Essentials of a Photo • Composition • Basics of lining up your photo through the view finder before taking your picture. • Angle of view…. the amount of a scene a photograph captures and can be measured vertically, horizontally or diagonally. Also known as angle of coverage or field of view, angle of view changes given the type of lens a photographer uses.

24. Basic parts of a camera

25. Basic parts of a camera

26. Basic parts of a camera

27. Additional Camera Tools • Tripod • Cable Release • Filters • Cleaning Kit • Self Timer

28. Digital vs Film • Advantages of Digital vs Film • View your photo immediately • Print your pictures at home on your printer • Can shoot Video and Still on same camera • Make picture enhancements on your computer • Smaller and lighter cameras • Rechargeable batteries • More detailed pictures than film at high MP • Easier to share photos with others • Pictures last longer • Easier to manage and store pictures

29. Digital vs Film • Disadvantages of Digital vs Film • Higher cost on batteries • More effort to print pictures • Cameras are more expensive • Do not get to have a “Darkroom” in your house • No choices in film sizes for greater detail

30. Telling A Story with Pictures Photojournalism Techniques Establishing shot Starts off your story with an overview of the story you are going to tell Baseball game

31. Telling A Story with Pictures Photojournalism Techniques Details Pictures of things you liked, found interesting or documented your story Baseball game

32. Telling A Story with Pictures Photojournalism Techniques Closing Pictures of things that sum up your story, your favorite thing about the story or what was the most important thing to you. Baseball game

33. Photography Careers • There are many career choices in Photography. This is a list of some of the most common careers. • Photojournalist • Commercial Photographer • Industrial Photographer • Fashion Photography • Art Photographer • Photo Editor • Photo Design • Make up artist • Assistant Photographer • Portrait Photographer • Wedding Photographer • Photo Lab Tech

34. Final Assignment to complete your Photography Merit Badge • Take pictures of a family, school, church or social event that you attend. • Keep in mind that you want to tell a story using your photographs. • Print your pictures and lay them out on a presentation board in a way that tells your story. • Use techniques and ideas we have discussed • Bring your story board to Scout meeting to share your story.