1 / 72

Vinod Kumar Gupta, Department of Zoology, C.M.D . Post Graduate College, Bilaspur - 495 001 (C.G.), India Email: vkgc

Photosynergistic collaboration of non-linear processes at mesoscopic level and emergence of a minimal protocell-like photoautotrophic supramolecular assembly “Jeewanu” in a simulated possible prebiotic atmosphere. Vinod Kumar Gupta, Department of Zoology, C.M.D . Post Graduate College,

hoang
Download Presentation

Vinod Kumar Gupta, Department of Zoology, C.M.D . Post Graduate College, Bilaspur - 495 001 (C.G.), India Email: vkgc

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Photosynergistic collaboration of non-linear processes at mesoscopic level and emergence of a minimal protocell-like photoautotrophic supramolecular assembly “Jeewanu” in a simulated possible prebiotic atmosphere Vinod Kumar Gupta, Department of Zoology, C.M.D. Post Graduate College, Bilaspur - 495 001 (C.G.), IndiaEmail: vkgcmd@gmail.com

  2. Chemistry beyond molecules1 : Supramolecular Chemistry has initiated a shift over 25 years where concept like molecular recognition2 and self assembly3 are transferred from biological processes into chemical nanosystems through the medium of syntheses. 1.Lehn, J.M.(1995) “Supramolecular Chemistry” (VCH,Weinheim, Germany). 2.Gellman,S.H. ed. (1997) Chem.Rev. 97, 1231-1734. 3.Philip, D. & Stodart, J.F. (1996) Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 35, 1154-1196.

  3. “Construction of natures molecule’s in the laboratory from atoms or single molecules process known as “Total Synthesis”. (Nicolaou, K.C. & Sorensen, E.J. (1995) Classics in Total Synthesis (VCH, Weinheim, Germany).

  4. What Supramolecular Chemistry1 has done for synthetic chemists is to alert them to the fact that chemical synthesis does not begin and end with the making and breaking of covalent bonds. First, it has focused attention on the importance of noncovalent and coordinative bonds2 in the spontaneous self organisation of membranes that could be used to house working artificial cells. 1. Lehn, J.M.(1995) “Supramolecular Chemistry” (VCH,Weinheim, Germany). 2.Fuhrhop, J-H & Köning, J. (1994) Membranes and Molecular assemblies: The synthetic approach (The Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, U.K.)

  5. BREMERMANN’S LIMIT From quantum theory of matter it can be stated that no data processing system whether artificial or living can process serially more than 2x 10 47 bit./s per gram of its mass. This is Bremermann’s limit (cf. H.J. Bremermann , Optimization Through Evolution and Recombination, in self organising systems, Eds. M.C. Yovis, G.T. Jacobi and G.D. Goldstein, Spartan Books, 1962) stated otherwise, nothing made up of atoms and electrons can go beyond that rate.

  6. ORIGIN OF LIFE * Some Questions: * Chicken Egg Question * How lifeless matter has been transformed into living system* What is Definition of Life * Is it possible to synthesise life * How Scientists are trying to understand mystery of life * Is there any life in the extra terrestrial space

  7. Development of Ideas on Origin of Life Aristotle (384-322 B.C.):Spontaneous Generation of Life:- Living system originate from decaying matter * Basilus (315-379) B.C., Saint Augustine(354-430),Nekam (1157-1217), Paracelsus(1493-1541),Harvey(1578-1657), Descartes(1595-1650),Newton(1643-1727) :- “Conversion of lifeless matter into living system” *Louis Pasteur :- Disqualified the idea of spontaneous generation of life.

  8. Chicken egg question METABOLISM FIRST OR GENE FIRST ?

  9. What is life?

  10. DEFINITION OF THE LIVING SYSTEM Pierie (1937) “ A rigid distinction between living and non-living is not possible and life is not a definable quality but statement of our attitude of mind.” Haldane ( 1954) “ Living system as a self-perpetuating pattern of chemical reaction.” Bernal, J.D. “Embodiment within a boundary of self maintaining chemical process.”

  11. Lord Kelvin(18710) “Theory of eternity of life:- Life has never originated but must have existed eternally” Engels(1933) “ Opposed spontaneous generation theory and said that living systems originated from the evolution of matter” Richter(1865),Lipman,Arrhinius “Life came to earth as infection from some other planet(Theory of Panerspermia) Bastian(1903):“Life originated from inorganic substances.”

  12. Pauling “It is sometime easier to study a system than to define it” Horowitz (1959) “ Self reproducing system with ability to mutate randomly and to reproduce in this form. He attributes three properties to a living system : Self- replication, Mutation and Heterocatalysis.

  13. MODEN THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF LIFE * Theory of Molecular & Chemical Evolution (Oparin & Haldane,1929) *Biopoesis or Abiogenesis of Biochemicals *Inorganic and mineral origin of life *Gunter Wachtershauser “Life started as a metabolic process- a cyclic chemical reaction that is driven by some source of energy- taking place on the surface of solid.”

  14. MODEN THEORIES OF ORIGIN OF LIFE * RNA world Theory * Stuart Kaufmann (Theoretical Biologist) “Life forms exists that have no need of RNA and DNA or any other a periodic solid”

  15. CO2 N2 H2O SUNLIGHT PRIMITIVE ATMOSPHERE CHEMICAL EVOLUTION Formation of organic compounds ( Amino acids, peptides, nucleic acid bases etc..) Photosynergistic collaboration of non-linear processes at mesoscopic level and organisation of molecules in stero-stearic position led to formation of photoautotrophic protocell-like microstructures(Units capable ofmultiplication,growth and metabolic activities) Biological Evolution Sec. Atmosphere H2 +1/2 O2 N2, Co2, H2O EUKARYOTES

  16. Photochemical synthesis of a biomimetic self-sustaining photoautotrophic system , “Jeewanu” in a irradiated sterilised aqueous mixture of some inorganic and organic substances. 1.Bahadur, K. et.al. Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika, 6, 63-117 (1963). 2.Bahadur, K. Verma, H.C., Srivastava, R.B., Agrawal, K.M.L., Pandey, R.S., Saxena, I., Malviya,A.N. ,Kumar, V. Perti,O.N. and Pathak, H.D.Zbl. Bakt. AbtII, 117, pp 575-584 (1964). 3.Bahadur, K. Zbl.Bakt. 117, 567- 602(1964) 4.Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K. Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika, 9(4), 171- 182 (1966) 5. Bahadur, K. and Saxena, I. (1967) Trans. Roy. Soc., New South Wales. 101(1), 11-15 6. Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K.(1970) J. of Brit. Interplanetary Soc.23(12),813-829

  17. The Protocell-like Microstructure JEEWANU

  18. Micrograph of Jeewanu showing a definite boundary wall and intricate internal structure

  19. Jeewanu showing mutiplication, growth 1500X

  20. Jeewanu showing definte boundary wall and intricate internal structure

  21. Jeewanu 1500X

  22. SCM of JEEWANU

  23. SCM of JEEWANU

  24. SCM of JEEWANU

  25. SCM of JEEWANU

  26. Scanning electron micrographs of Jeewanu

  27. Scanning Micrograph of Jeewanu of Jeewanu

  28. Scanning Micrographs of Jeewanu

  29. Scanning Electron Micrograph of Jeewanu

  30. Scanning of Jeewanu dammage on the surface is visible due to liquid nitrogen spray (Sample preparation)

  31. Scanning of Jeewanu dammage on the surface is visible due to liquid nitrogen spray during sample preparation

  32. Scanning of Jeewanu dammage on the surface is visible due to liquid nitrogen spray (Sample preparation)

  33. Transmission Electron Micrograph of Jeewanu

  34. Transmission Electron Micrograph of Jeewanu

  35. Transmission Electron Micrograph of Jeewanu

  36. AFM OF JEEWANU

  37. Atomic Force Micrograph of Jeewanu

  38. ABIOGENESIS OF AMINO ACIDS & PEPTIDES *Bahadur, K. Nature, 173, 1141(1954) *Ranganayaki, S., Bahadur, K.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.(India) 23 A, 21-23(1954) *Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K. Comptes Rendus, France, 240,246- 248 (1955) *Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K.Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. (India) 26A,II,154-162(1957). *Bahadur, K. : “Report on International Symposium on the Origin of Life on the Earth held at Moscow in Aug 1957, Pergamon Press p91-96 * Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K., U.S.S.R. Academy of Sci. Acad. No.6, 754-55(1957)

  39. *Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K. Nature, 182, 1668, (1958) • *Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K., Izestiya, Academu nauk., U.S.S.R.II 1361-1365,1968. • *Bahadur,K. and Srivastava, R.B. Indian J. Appl Chem.,Vol.23,pp131-134, No.3(1960) • *Bahadur,K. and Srivastava, R.B. Zurnal, Obscherikimii,Tom XXXI(XCIII),317-320(1961) • *Bahadur,K., Perti, O.N. and Pathak, H.D. Indian Journal of Applied Chemistry,25, 90-96(1961) • *Perti,O.N. Bahadur,K. and Pathak, H.D. Akad.Nauk, U.S.S.R.,Biochimiya,T 27, Vol.4, 708-714 (1962) • (More than 26 articles & several D.Phil Theses concerning abiogenesis of amino acids and peptides in the sterilised aqueous mixtures)

  40. PHOTOCHEMICAL SYNTHESIS OF NUCLEIC ACID-LIKE BASES • *Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K. • J. Brit. Interplanetary Soc.23(12),813-829, 1970. • Ranganyaki, S., Raina, V. and Bahadur, K., • J. Brit. Interplanetary Soc.23(12),813-829, 1970. • *Bahadur,K., Kumar, S. and Gusain, P.S. Zbl.Bakt.II,Bd.132,666-672, (1977) • *Raina,V. “Studies in some aspects of abiogenesis of organic compounds of biological interest”, D.Phil. Thesis, Alld.Univ.India(1973)

  41. DETECTION OF ENZYME-LIKE ACTIVIES IN JEEWANU MIXTURE • Bahadur, K. and Saxena, I. • Vijnana Parishad Anusandhan Patrika, Vol.6,p161-168,1963 • Bahadur,K. and Pandey, R.S. • Biologia Plantonum, 7, 86 (1965) • Singh, R.C. • “Studies in the Abiogenesis of enzyme-like material”,D.Phil Thesis, Alld. Univ., India (1967) • Ranganyaki, S. and Bahadur, K. • J. Brit. Interplanetary Soc.23(12),813-829, (1970.) • Smith, A.,Folsome, C. and Bahadur, K., • Experientia, 37-359(1981) • Bahadur, K. and Gupta, V.K. (1984) • Perspectives in Cytology & Cytogenetics (Ed. G.K. Manna & U. Sinha) 4: 203-208.

  42. ABIOGENESIS OF PHOSPHOLIPID-LIKE MATERIAL *Ranganyaki, S., Srivastava, B. and Bahadur, K. Zbl. Bakt.II Abt.,265-269 (1980) *Singh, Y.P. “ Studies in abiogenesis of phospholipids”, D.Phil.Thesis, Chem.Dept., Univ.of Alld, India(1975)

  43. DETECTION OF FERREDOXIN-LIKE MATERIAL IN JEEWANU Rao,K.K., Adams, M.W.W., Morris,P. and Hall, D.O.(Plant Sciences Dept. Kings College, London, U.K. and Ranganyaki,S. and Bahadur, K.) Abstract Presented at the BASE Symposium, Madurai, India, Dec.(1978).

More Related