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Breeding Systems

Breeding Systems. AgriScience 2 Animal Reproduction. Why is improving organisms important to agriculture?. Three main factors driving this goal: Rising World Population Urbanization Fewer people in production agriculture. What methods are used in agriscience to improve organisms?.

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Breeding Systems

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  1. Breeding Systems AgriScience 2 Animal Reproduction

  2. Why is improving organisms important to agriculture? • Three main factors driving this goal: • Rising World Population • Urbanization • Fewer people in production agriculture

  3. What methods are used in agriscience to improve organisms? • Two major approaches are used: • Controlled breeding • Genetic manipulation.

  4. Controlled breeding • Breeding plants or animals to achieve certain characteristics in the offspring. • Considered a natural method of improving plants and animals. • Scientists control the natural breeding process.

  5. Kinds of controlled breeding: • Selection • Choosing a few parents with the desired traits with the intent of increasing the amount of desired qualities in the offspring.

  6. Genetic manipulation • Artificial means of producing desirable traits. • Genes can be moved from one species to another. • Gene splicing is the moving of hereditary characteristics from one organism to another often unrelated organism.

  7. Hybridization • Crossing of two different plants or animals • Combines the traits of different parent strains. • Many hybrids are not able to reproduce.

  8. Straight breeding • Inbreeding- • close breeding • purebreeding

  9. Inbreeding-mating closely related animals • Parent to offspring and siblings • 1/2 brother and sister • Uncle x niece • Nephew x aunt • 1/2 uncle to niece • Cousin to cousin 25% inbred 12.5% inbred 6.25% inbred 3.125% inbred

  10. Closebreeding- mating animals that share some common ancestors

  11. Purebreeding- mating animals that are not related but of the same breed.

  12. Crossbreeding- mating animals of different breeds.

  13. Crossbreeding Systems

  14. Cross breeding- Criss-Cross F1 - 1/2 B 1/2 L

  15. Criss-cross Brahman F1 1/2B 1/2L F2 1/4L 3/4 B

  16. Criss-Cross Limousin F2 3/4B 1/4L F2 5/8L 3/8 B

  17. Rotational Breeding-1st Cross Columbia Dorset F1 - 1/2 C 1/2 D

  18. Rotational Breeding-2nd Gen Hampshire F1- 1/2C 1/2 D F2 - 1/4 C 1/4 D 1/2 H

  19. Rotational- 3rd Generation F2 - 1/4 C 1/4 D 1/2 H Dorset F3 - 1/8 C 1/4 H 5/8 D

  20. Rotational Breeding

  21. Terminal Cross

  22. Roto-Terminal Cross

  23. Roto-Terminal Cross 3 breed roto cross Hampshire Terminal boar 1/2 Hamp, 1/2 white blend

  24. Review / Summary • Discuss the importance of improved organisms to agriculture. • Identify methods used in agriscience to improve organisms. • Identify breeding systems used in animal science.

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