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Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian approach

Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian approach. European Experience Transfer into Eastern Europe Conditions Kiev , 26 November 2013 Grigor Stoyanov ,. EU-Landfill Directive 1999/31 / EC. Reduction of biodegradable waste from landfill.

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Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian approach

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  1. Policy, concept and strategy on biowaste management – Bulgarian approach European Experience Transfer into Eastern Europe Conditions Kiev, 26 November 2013 GrigorStoyanov,

  2. EU-Landfill Directive 1999/31/EC Reduction ofbiodegradablewaste from landfill in % of biodegradable waste 1995 65%  2016/20 25%  2006/10 50%  2009/13 separated at the source mixed waste liquid dry/solid BIOGAS INC. MBT COMPOST DIGESTATE NO separate collection!! For theLandfill Directive diversion targets(Art. 5) an impact assessment on the need of the revision of these targets is done (2013). ?? > 65% ?? … ?? Complete Ban from 2020/25 ??

  3. Impressive growth of recycling quota (1991-2011) 1 Municipal Waste Association in Austria 81 % source separated and recycled 19 % residual waste disposed Source: BAV Freistadt, Austria

  4. Green Waste Bio Waste / bio-bin (rural) Bio Waste / bio-bin (urban) Food industries Market waste Former foodstuff Food waste / Catering waste Composting vs. AD ?? COMPOSTING (aerobic) ANAEROBIC DIGESTION (anaerobic) Increasing water content Increasing structure [wood]

  5. Collection Schemes Fotos: Hogg, Eunomia, UK

  6. Collection Schemes Fotos: Favoino, „Scuola Agraria del Parco di Monza“, Italy

  7. Fotos: Florian Amlinger, KE&B, Austria

  8. Recovery and Recycling Options for Organic Waste Streams Recovery of Bio & Green waste Recycling Energy Recovery Method Recycling+ Energy R3/R10 R1 R3/R10 Composting (aerob) Anaerobic Digestion (anerob) Biomass incineration Process applied Energy & Heat Org. fertiliser Energy & Heat Org. Soil Improver & Growing media Product

  9. TYPICAL OPEN WINDROW COMPOSTING PLANT

  10. OPEN WINDROW composting Fotos: Hildebrandt

  11. Further Windrow Systems

  12. Forced Aeration in Open Windrow Systems COMPOnent Temperature GSM transmition Fan Fan CO2 Aeration Ventilation pipe Drainage water Leachate water funnelwith siphon

  13. The decentralised integrated approachin Austria 8.35 mio inhabitants 16,000 Inh per composting plant

  14. The project The logic of the project STAGES representing key elements of the envisaged Bulgarian Biowaste Strategy and its implementation Legislation Accompanying technical standards and guidelines Adapting policy instruments and reporting schemes Training & support

  15. Implementing Directive 99/31 and art. 11 + 22 of WFD • Bans on biodegradables to landfills (e.g. BR, US) • Most stringent provisions • May lack flexibility • Requires codified thresholds for acceptance at landfills • Obligation on separate collection • On Municipalities (e.g. NL) – may be deceived with poor performing / low participation systems • On households (e.g. AT) – very effective, if stringent control possible • May require phased implementation • Targets for sep. collection / composting / recycling • Specific biowaste processing targets (e.g. Sweden) • General recycling + composting targets (IT & UK) • Result-oriented + flexible

  16. Sep. Collection and recyling targets for biowaste 25% of biowaste by year 2016 50% of biowaste by year 2020 70% of biowaste by year 2025 Relative to the quantity of municipal biowaste as generated in year 2014 (base-line year) recycling = composting or anerobic digestion

  17. Obligations of local authorities • Bulgaria is divided on 55 Waste management regions • The municipalities in every region are obliged to create Regional Waste Management Associations with the purpose of proper waste management on the territory of the region and building the entire needed infrastructure. • The Mayors have to organize and coordinate within the WM Regions: • A phased introduction of separate collection schemes for bio-waste from households and similar institutions (shops, restaurants) • Implement complete separate collection and recycling of green waste from garden and parks • The planning and installation of composting and/or biogas plants • Install recycling centers, including bring sites for garden waste for settlements with a population of > 10,000 inhabitants

  18. Biowaste management in waste management regions/associations WMR Options for single municipalities 5700 inh. 7000 inh. 500 inh. Separate Collection from households and similar sources 3500 inh. 1000 inh. 35,000 inh. Home composting (i.e. no or only partly separate collection) 1700 inh. Sep. Collection for large producers only 500 inh.

  19. Biowaste management in waste management regions WMR Options for single municipalities 5700 inh. 7000 inh. 500 inh. Separate Collection from households and similar sources 3500 inh. 1000inh. 35,000 inh. Home composting (i.e. no or only partly separate collection) 1700 inh. Sep. Collection for shops, restaurants only 500 inh.

  20. Biowaste management: targets for single municipalities: WMR Options for single municipalities 1200 t/y. 1500 t/yr 100 t/yr Sep. Collection= 7400 ton 500 t/yr HC 3000 t/yr biowaste Home composting for 2 municipalities 1700 inh. Sep. Collectionfor large producers in 2 municipalities HC

  21. Stage I – Decentralised composting Austrian model for Bulgaria (2)

  22. Capacity building – a model for decentralised composting

  23. Ordinance on BiowasteBASIC CONCEPT

  24. Does the Source Matter ???

  25. DraftOrdinance – Quality Concept I • Compostmay be produced from source separated Biowaste(<10% impurities) and/or quality certifiedSewage Sludgeand may include Additivesand shallmeet strict limitsfor heavy metals and impurities • Organic Soil Amendmentmay be produced fromsource separated Biowaste(<10% impurities) and/or quality certifiedSewage Sludge and may include Additivesand shallmeet less strict limitsfor heavy metals and impurities • Stabilised MBT Outputmay be produced fromMixed Municipal Waste Fractions, Biowaste(>10% impurities)Sewage Sludge(Decree No. 339) = Product = Waste = Waste

  26. Precautionary Quality Criteria – Heavy Metals *COPPER and ZINC are classified as essential nutrients. Values above the first valuesshall be declared.

  27. Additional requirements for composts related to the specified use areas  ANNEX 2 ‘Quality Criteria ’:USE related QUALITY REQUIREMENTS Quality Criteria for COMPOST • Organic Matter … > 15% • Electrical Conductivity growing media, private gardening … < 3 mS/cm • Max. particle size … < 40 mm • Impurities – plastics, metals, glass agriculture, private gardening, sports fields … < 0.5% (transitional: 1.0%) land reclamation … < 1.0% • Plant response / Germination Test growing media, private gardening… 80 – 90% of standard substrate • Viable seeds / weeds  growing media, private gardening… < 2 per Litre • Pathogenic indicators  ALL products… no Salmonella in 25 g+ABP +… E. coli < 1000 CFU/ g

  28. Compost Ordinance: KEY PROVISIONS • Additional requirements for composts related to the specified use areas, •  ANNEX 5 ‘Labelling’:Maximum APPLICATION QUANTITIES * Resuliting in Maximum 5% TOC in the 30cm top soil layer

  29. Time – Temperature Regime … flexible … well experienced and investigated !

  30. Course of the QAS Composting Plant Member of National Organisation Contract Evaluation Report sanctions, complaints, measures Not okay Acknowledged Laboratory sampling & quality analysis Quality LabelCertificate Quality Committee QC Okay National Organisation NQAS Analyses assessmentand plant inspection Test report Report Inspection:ECN: every 2 yearsAT: 1x / year

  31. Quality Assurance Elements for National Implementation Legislation & Standards Ordinance on Separate CollectionInput material Compost Ordinance Quality & control criteria Permits Waste / ABPR / Environment … State of the Art of Composting Techn. & Operation Quality Assurance National StandardQUALITY ASSURANCESystem for Compost (QAS) = Criteria & Operation National Quality AssuranceOrganisationfor Compost (NQAO) = Bodies & Adminstration

  32. Storage batch composition … batch monitoring … °C, turning, watering … C3 Mixing C2 Condi-tioning C1 Residues INPUT Compost = Product Receipt Control QM: the principle of a traceably documented process Registered Composting Plant

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