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Chemical Bonding

Chemical Bonding. By James Bonding. Mass Number - Number of protons + Neutrons. Atomic Number - Number of protons. Atoms. C. 12. 6. In a neutral atom the number of electrons and protons are the same. In Carbon it is………. 6. Octet Rule. To be stable an atom needs…. A full outer shell

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Chemical Bonding

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  1. Chemical Bonding By James Bonding

  2. Mass Number - Number of protons + Neutrons. Atomic Number - Number of protons Atoms C 12 6 In a neutral atom the number of electrons and protons are the same. In Carbon it is……… 6

  3. Octet Rule • To be stable an atom needs…. • A full outer shell • Noble Gases already have full shells so form no bonds • Other elements form bonds to fill the outer shell

  4. E l e c t r o n T r a n s f e r L i t h i u m Fluorine

  5. Na 23 11 F Na F 17 9 Ionic Bonding • Most important at the ends of the Periodic Table

  6. Ionic Bonding • An electron is transferred F Na

  7. F - Na+ Ionic Bonding • An electron is transferred to form IONS The plus and minus sign shows that these are ions.

  8. F - F - F - F - F - F - F - Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Na+ Ionic Crystals

  9. Ionic Compounds Conduct Electricity When liquids (Molten and solution)

  10. Covalent Bonding • The electrons are shared • Elements in the middle of the periodic table

  11. Covalent Crystals Covalent crystals are formed when pairs of electrons are shared between adjacent atoms.

  12. Comparing Bonds

  13. Mixture and Compounds • Mixtures – Two elements mingled together • Compounds- Two or more elements BONDED together.

  14. Molecules • Two or more atoms BONDED together

  15. Ionic Crystals Ionic crystals are formed by the attraction between positive and negative ions.

  16. Covalent Crystals Covalent crystals are formed when pairs of electrons are shared between adjacent atoms.

  17. Dr. Tacy Hall’s Artificial Diamond Presses Pictures to the left and below are of diamonds made from graphite. Dr. Hall made diamonds from peanut butter as well.

  18. Making Solutions Solute The salt Solution Salty water Solvent The liquid

  19. Solubility The solubility of a substance is the maximum amount that can be dissolved in a given quantity of a particular solvent at a given temperature

  20. Solubility The solubilities of solids increase with increasing temperatures..

  21. Solubility A saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute possible at a given temperature; a supersaturated solution contains more dissolved solute than is normally possible at a given temperature and is usually unstable.

  22. Polar Liquids Electrolytes are substances that dissociate into ions when dissolved in water; Electrolytes in solution are able to conduct electric current.

  23. Plastics • Literally means easy to change shape. Water proof and easy to shape. Mostly made out of oil. • The poly in their names means POLYMER.

  24. Properties of Plastics • Easily Moulded and Coloured • Do not rot or rust • Light • Good Insulators of heat and electricity • Non-biodegradable still here in 1000000years • Monomers small molecules that can be joined together. • Polymer is a large molecule made of a chain of smaller molecules

  25. Monomers small molecules that can be joined together. Polymer is a large molecule made of a chain of smaller molecules

  26. Summary • Ionic bonding • Covalent bonding • Solute, solvent and solution • Plastics • Compounds • Atomic # • Mass #

  27. H/W • P197 • Q 10-15

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