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Chemical Bonding . Leyda 2012. A substance formed when 2 or more elements combine chemically . 1. Define compound : 2. Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom. They travel in regions of space called. orbitals . The outermost electrons of an atom.
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Chemical Bonding Leyda 2012
A substance formed when 2 or more elements combine chemically. 1. Define compound: 2. Electrons are found outside the nucleus of an atom. They travel in regions of space called orbitals.
The outermost electrons of an atom. 3. What are valence electrons? Why are they important? The valence electrons help scientists predict what chemicals will bond with each other.
4. What determines whether or not an atom will form a chemical bond? An atom will form chemical bonds if it needs to gain or lose electrons to have a full outer orbital.
5. A Bohr diagram shows the location of an atom’s electrons. Begin by putting the first two electrons in the first orbital. Then add up to 8 electrons in the second orbital. The first four electrons occupy separate spaces. The next four electrons each pair up with one of the first four. The third orbital can also hold 8 electrons.
2 7 • First Orbital: __ Electrons • Second Orbital: __ Electrons • Third Orbital: __ Electrons 0
family 6. Elements in the same _________ have the same number of valence electrons 7. Atoms of elements in the __________ family have filled outermost electron orbitals and therefore do not form chemical bonds with other atoms. noble gas
gain lose 8. In order to become stable, atoms will either _____ or ________ electrons. An atom will bond with another atom if the bonding gives both atoms________________________. 9. Atoms that have gain or lost electrons are called_________. full outer orbital ions Chemical Bonding
positive 10. When atoms lose electrons, the form ions with_________ charge. When atoms gain electrons, they form ions with _________ charge. 11. Atoms on the left side of the periodic table tend to ______ electrons. Atoms on the right side of the periodic table tend to______ electrons. negative lose gain Chemical Bonding
12. Sodium has __ valence electron(s). It tends to form ions by _______ valence electron(s). The charge on sodium ion is ____. 13. Predict the charge on ions of the following elements: Cl __ Mg__ Li__ O__ Si__ Al__ N__ Ne__ 1 losing +1 -1 +2 +1 -2 +/- 4 +3 -3 0 Chemical Bonding
14. A bond that involves a transferof electrons from one atom to another is called an_________________. 15. Atoms of a given element always have the same number of___________, but can have different numbers of_________ or _________ ionic bond protons electrons neutrons Types of Bonds
gains loses 16. In an ionic bond, one atom ______electrons while the other__________ electrons. Thus, ionic bonds usually form between atoms from opposite sides of_______________. periodic table
17. Calcium and chlorine may combine to form an ionic compound. Predict how atoms of chlorine would bond with one atom of calcium.____ (Hint: what is the charge on each of the ions involved _____ _____ ) How many electrons does calcium need to gain/lose____ How many electrons does each chlorine atom need to gain/lose___ ) 2 Cl-1 Ca2+ 2 1 Types of Bonds
covalent 18. A bond that forms when electrons are shared between atoms is called a____________ ___________. The shared electrons are in the _____________ energy level of both atoms at the same time. The _____________ charged nucleus of both atoms attracts the ___________ charged electrons that are being shared. bond outermost positively negatively
Elements that always exist in nature as two atoms of the same element covalently bonded. 19. What is a diatomicelement? Which elements are often found in nature as diatomic? O2, H2, Cl2, N2, F2, I2 Types of bonds
molecule 20. The combination of atoms formed by a covalent bondis called a _______________ and is represented by a ___________ ____________ which contains the symbol of each element involved in the bond. Following each symbol is a ____________, or a small number which indicates_________________________________ ______________________. chemical formula subscript how many atoms of that element are in each molecule Types of Bonds
21. What is the chemical formula for a molecule that has one carbon atom and four chlorine atoms?__________ What is the chemical formula for carbon dioxide?( Hint: what does di- mean?) _________ CCl4 CO2 Types of Bonds
Sodium Extra Practice
Phosphorus Extra Practice
Beryllium Extra Practice
Do Not Eat YET! • Place M&M’s in the correct orbital(s). • Then identify how many valence electrons the element has. M&M Activity
