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ICIS2011 ,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, Giardini N axos, Italy

Time evolution of the beam intensity . Ar 8+ ~80e m A 2mA. Xe 30+ ~100e m A ~200e m A. Questions WHY ? How?. Caprice 10GHz Mini- mafios type. RIKEN 28GHz. RIKEN 18GHz. VENUS(28GHz) SECRAL(Lanzhou). Caprice 14GHz A-ECR(LBL). SERSE(Catania).

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ICIS2011 ,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, Giardini N axos, Italy

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  1. Time evolution of the beam intensity Ar8+ ~80emA 2mA Xe30+ ~100emA ~200emA Questions WHY ? How? Caprice 10GHz Mini-mafios type RIKEN 28GHz RIKEN 18GHz VENUS(28GHz) SECRAL(Lanzhou) Caprice 14GHz A-ECR(LBL) SERSE(Catania) ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  2. A review of state of art of ECR ion sources T. Nakagawa (RIKEN) Introduction requirements( RI beam production) 2. Physics of ECR plasma for production of highly charged heavy ions 3. Technology of SC-ECR ion source 4. Pulsed mode operation (“preglow”) 5. Future prospects ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  3. Heavy ion accelerator facility Lanzhou (China) GSI (Germany) RIKEN RIBF (Japan) MSU (USA) RIBF (South Korea) SPIRAL II (France) FRIB (USA) Require intense beam of highly charged heavy ions ~15pmA of U35+, 1mA of Ar12+ ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  4. Example II -R-process ( life time for b-decay)- U beam intensity (~0.8pnA) 345MeV/u Experimental results (life time of b decay) is shorter than the calculated results Strong impact on the mechanism of r-process S. Nishimura et al, PRL. 106(2011)052502 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  5. Production rate of RI beam C. Jiang et al, NIM A492(2002)57 ~20 Accelerator 200MeV/u 400MeV/u ~5 Additional accelerator ~20 Construction cost several 100M US$ ~5 New SC-ECRIS Construction cost <10M US$ Need development (new technique, new structure etc)

  6. A review of state of art of ECR ion sources T. Nakagawa (RIKEN) Introduction requirements( RI beam production) 2. Physics of ECR plasma for production of highly charged heavy ions 3. Technology of SC-ECR ion source Frequency effect Limit of beam intensity increase Size effect Frequency tuning 4. Pulsed mode operation (“preglow”) 5. Conclusion and perspective ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  7. Frequency effect I B Fokker-planck equation electron V Collision term HF term Source term m Strength of electric field (RF power) Magnetic field gradient (Bmineffect) A. Girard et al, J. Computational Phys. 191(2003)228 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  8. Frequency effect II Fokker -Planck equation Higher Charge state A. Girard et al, J. Computational Phys.191(2003)228 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  9. Frequency effect III SERSE RF power 1.8kW Binj~3.5Becr,Bmin~0.8Becr,Bext~2Becr Br~2Becr S. Gammino, RSI., Vol. 70, 1999,3577 BinjBminBextBr 28GHz 3.15 0.62 1.83 1.86T 18GHz 2.1 0.4 1.18 1.2T (18/28) SECRAL Binj~3.5Becr,Bmin~0.8Becr,Bext~2Becr Br~2Becr H.W. Zhao et al, RSI 81(2010)02A202 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  10. Limitation of the beam intensity increase I FAR-TECH’s Generalized ECRIS Model (GEM) B. Cluggish et al, NIM A 631(2011)111 1x10-7Torr Stability limit (effect of the pitch angle scattering at high RF field) ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  11. Experimental results (RF power dependence) CAPRICE 14GHz VENUS 28GHz D. Hitz et al, RSI 71(2000)839 D. Leitner et al, HEP&NP 31(2007)1 CAPRICE ~0.5L Limitation >1~2kW/L ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  12. ECR zone shape (Bmin=0.51T) ECR zone shape (Bmin=0.3T) Steeper Gentler ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  13. ECR zone size effect 18GHz Surface size(cm2) ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  14. Frequency tuning I L. Celona ,REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 81, 02A333 2010 S. Gammino et al 37th EPS Conference on Plasma Physics P4.318 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  15. Frequency tuning II (geometrical effect) Matching between the microwave frequency and the geometry (Plasma chamber, ECR zone) D. Mascali et al, REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 81, 02A334 2010 Good matching Bad matching Low brightness Short confinement High brightness Long confinement ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  16. Biased disc position effect(geometrical effect) Wall of RF injection side Biased disc L (disc position) ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  17. Biased disc position effect, ECR zone position effect SuSI (ECR zone position) L. T. Sun et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p4 Lp-p ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  18. A review of state of art of ECR ion sources T. Nakagawa (RIKEN) Introduction requirements( RI beam production) 2. Physics of ECR plasma for production of highly charged heavy ions 3. Technology of SC-ECR ion source 4. Pulsed mode operation (“preglow”) High performance SC-ECRIS X-ray heat load Sc-Coils 5. Conclusion and perspective ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  19. High performance SC-ECRIS I –VENUS 28GHz- D. Leitner , et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p11 Bi30~33+, U30~33+ ? netc(U33+)~netc(Xe27+,30+) Bi30+ 165emA ? U33+ 205emA(ICIS09) ?(ICIS11) ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  20. High performance SC-ECRIS II -SECRAL 24GHz- H. W. Zhao et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p1 2007(ECRIS07) 2009(ICIS09) 2010(ECRIS10) 2011(ICIS11) Xe35+ 12emA 16emA 60emA ? (>60 emA) SS chamber Al chamber SS chamber (Al chamber?) 0.6kW/L (18) 0.3kW/L (18+14) 0.6kW/L(24) (higher power?) (24+18GHz?) ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  21. High performance Sc-ECRIS III -SuSI 18GHz- 6 solenoid coils Flexible magnetic field L. T. Sun et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p4 High power injection (?) chamber vol. ~3L If RF power is higher than 10kW ~3kW/L in the chamber ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  22. High performance Sc-ECRIS IV –RIKEN 28 - 6 solenoid coils Flexible magnetic field Field gradient (or Bmin) effect ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  23. X-ray heat load I Gas pressure Higher Bmin Low gas pressure D. Leitner , et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p11 Strong X-ray heat load Intense beam of highly charged heavy ions ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  24. A review of state of art of ECR ion sources T. Nakagawa (RIKEN) Introduction requirements( RI beam production) 2. Physics of ECR plasma for production of highly charged heavy ions 3. Technology of SC-ECR ion source 4. Pulsed mode operation (“preglow”) 5. Conclusion and future perspective ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  25. b –beam project (pulsed mode operation) Radio isotope beam (short pulse) Neutrino beam ECR ion source “Preglow” 100% for 6He, 2+ 30% for 18Ne ions (e.g., 6+) 16 Hz with 50 μs pulse width 50 kV 50 π.mm.mrad. 2×10136He atoms/s 8×101118Ne atoms/s The EURISOL Beta-beam Facility Parameter and Intensity Values, Version 1, April 2005 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  26. b –beam project (pulsed mode operation) I. Itozov et al , et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p87 V. Zorin, et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p90 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  27. 28l/s waterflow in each tank Water out Water in Compact CUSP magnetic structure Water inlet Water outlets • –beam project (pulsed mode operation) • -60GHz ECR ion source- M. Marie-Jeanne, et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p33 The first 60GHz magnetic structure is based on a cusp geometry, using resistive polyhelix coils ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  28. A review of state of art of ECR ion sources T. Nakagawa (RIKEN) Introduction requirements( RI beam production) 2. Physics of ECR plasma for production of highly charged heavy ions 3. Technology of SC-ECR ion source 4. Pulsed mode operation (“preglow”) 5. Future prospects ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  29. SC-Coils 36GHz ECRIS Exceed the critical current of NbTi wire at 4.2K Required magnetic field strength Binj ~ 5T Br ~2.7T Bext ~2.7T Bmin 0.8~1.2T Example of RIKEN 28GHz ECRIS 28GHz 36GHz Solution 1) Use of NbTi wire at low temperture (<4.2K) 2) Use of other super-conducting wires (Nb3Sn) 3)new structure of the SC-coils ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  30. X-ray heat load I 10kW RF power ~10W heat load (28GHz) >28GHz We need higher cooling power (>10W) GM-JT cryo-cooler (~5W at 4.2K) Other solutions ? D. Leitner , et al, Proc. Int. Workshop on ECR ion sources, 2010, Grenoble, France,p11 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  31. X-ray heat load II + Steeper field gradient Larger zone size Higher beam intensity + lower heat load ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  32. Improvements of present ECRIS VENUS 28GHz Fokker-Plank equation Density limit RIKEN 18GHz C11 J. Benitez Recent Progress on the Superconducting Ion Source VENUS C13 H W Zhao SECRAL performance and operation at 24GHz I17 G. Machicoane Development of high intensity ion beams at 18GHz with SuSI RF power ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

  33. New ECRIS C34 C. Lyneis Concept for a Fourth Generation ECR Ion Source I13 D. Xie New structure of superconducting magnetic system for 50 GHz operation I06 H. Koivisto The ARC-ECRIS consept ARC ECRIS I07 D. Mascali Towards a better comprehension of plasma formation and heating in high performance ECRIS C12 V. Zorin Shear flow influence on electron cyclotron resonance plasma confinement in axisymmetric mirror magnetic trap of the ECR ion source C14 G. G. Denisov Millimeter Wave Microwave sources for Electron Cyclotron Resonance Ion Sources NIM A578(2007)370 ICIS2011,Sept. 12-16 , 2011, GiardiniNaxos, Italy

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