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Intro to Mobile Development

Intro to Mobile Development. Cindy Royal, Ph.D Assistant Professor Texas State University School of Journalism and Mass Communication croyal@txstate.edu www.cindyroyal.com www.onthatnote.com tech.cindyroyal.net @cindyroyal. History of Mobile Hardware.

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Intro to Mobile Development

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  1. Intro to Mobile Development Cindy Royal, Ph.D Assistant Professor Texas State University School of Journalism and Mass Communication croyal@txstate.edu www.cindyroyal.com www.onthatnote.com tech.cindyroyal.net @cindyroyal

  2. History of Mobile Hardware • PDA – personal digital assistants were precursor • Apple Newton in 1992 • Personal data management and productivity (contacts, address book, etc) • Online synchronization • Limited dialup Internet connectivity • Bluetooth • Cell data services - eventually 3G • WiFi • Mobile Phones • Netbooks – smaller than laptop, bigger than pda • PDAs and Phones merge - Palm Pilot, etc, • Smartphones replaced PDA - more capabilities, browser, apps

  3. Mobile Phones • 1st mobile phones – Motorola Brick DynaTAC 8000x – 1983 • Bag phones – car phones – early 90s • Camera phones – late ‘90s • Addition of data services

  4. Mobile Development Evolves • WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) standard/browsers. Wireless Markup Language • Considered clunky and limited, but it was cross platform • Proprietary formats emerged to better take advantage of hardware capabilities: • Palm OS (became Garnet OS) • RIM Blackberry OS • Java Micro Edition • Symbian OS (Nokia, Sony Ericsson, Motorola, Samsung) • iPhone iOS • Major players now - Blackberry, iOS, Android, Windows 7

  5. Challenges to development • Merging phones and pdas - couldn't keep up with demand for services, needed a platform that could provide these services without allowing direct access to modifying handset (Internet) • Difficult to emulate Internet on a handset - small size, battery life, resolution/display type, etc • Plus data transmission was costly

  6. Smartphone Stats • Top Smartphone Platforms - Share % of Smartphone subscribers (Feb. 2011) • Google/Android 33% • RIM Blackberry 28.9% • Apple 25.2% • Microsft 7.7% • Palm 2.8% • Smartphone overall penetration • 2008 11% • 2009 17% • 2010 27% • AT&T biggest smartphone carrier (38.3%), Verizon 2nd at 26.7% • > 1 billion iPhone apps downloaded Source: Comscore

  7. Mobile Activities • Besides voice calls: • texting (68% of users) • taking photos (52%) • news and information (40%) • Web browsing (36%) • using apps (34%) • e-mail (30%) • weather (25%) • social networking or blogs (24%) • games (23%) • search (21%) • shooting video (20%) • looking at maps (18%) • instant messaging (17%) • sports info (16%) • listening to music (16%)

  8. Evolution • "Traditional HTML" is static content; initial browsers did not support scripting • “Browser wars" made scripting very cumbersome • Multimedia content was required for commercial content • Java was an existing (but heavy) solution from enterprise IT • Flash evolved from a more content-centric perspective • Today's browsers are runtime environments themselves • Rich and fairly robust scripting environments • More limited access to OS resources than add-ons • Mobile software developers work with distinctly different programming environments, different tools, and different programming languages. Porting among the platforms is often costly and not straightforward. • Technologies for Web dev now include HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript

  9. Native Languages • iOS - Objective C • Android Java, but some C, C++ • Blackberry - Java • Windows Mobile - C, C++

  10. Native Apps or Web Apps • Native • Ability to build a superior user interface • Need to access device hardware - gps, accelerometer, camera, storage, etc. wifi, 3g, messaging, email, browser, music player... • Leverage popular, established app store distribution channels • Web • Ease and cost benefits of providing one interface accessible on multiple platforms • Direct control over own distribution, no need to seek third party approval • Ability to build a superior user interface • phone, multimedia, internet connectivity/ (browser), keyboard input, email, text message, 3rd party apps. • Wrapping in PhoneGap to make into a native app.

  11. Android Platform • Android philosophy - more open, choice of phones, carriers - freeware, shareware, paid apps. • Open Handset Alliance Nov 2007 - non-proprietary open standard - Android; Google leading the way, but includes chip marks, handset manufacturers, software devs and service providers. • T-Mobile Gi - 1st Android Handset Oct 2008. by HTC • Free and open source

  12. iPhone History and Development • iPhone introduced June 29, 2007 • Apps sold through iTunes then App Store, proprietary. Apps approved by Apple. • Open SDK in Feb. 2008. Free download, simulator. Pay fee to to put in App store - Apple Developer Connection. Set any price, developer keeps 70% share. • In most recent quarter, iPhone accounts for more than half of Apple’s revenue.

  13. JQuery Mobile • JQuery Mobile - broad-based mobile development platform. Uses web standards. Runs on all major platforms. • HTML5 markup driven • Object-oriented CSS that provides a unified visual design theme. Like JQuery UI ThemeRoller.

  14. JQuery Mobile Demo • Download or link to JQuery, JQuery Mobile and JQuery Mobile CSS • <!DOCTYPE html> • <html> • <head> • <title>jQuery Mobile Tutorial on Codeforest.net</title> • <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.0a1/jquery.mobile-1.0a1.min.css" /> • <script src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.4.3.min.js"></script> • <script src="http://code.jquery.com/mobile/1.0a1/jquery.mobile-1.0a1.min.js"></script> • </head>

  15. JQuery Mobile, continued Use data-role attribute in div Create this file, name as index.html Run in iPhone Simulator http://testiphone.com/ External link - add this in content div <p><a href="index.php">Click me to show the first page!</a></p> Internal link - more link anchors use the id attribute <div data-role="page" id="first"> </div> <div data-role="page" id="second"> </div> then reference in href as: <a href="first">Back to first</a> Change themes with data-theme • <body> • <div data-role="page”> • <div data-role="header"> • <h1>The title</h1> • </div><!-- /header  • <div data-role="content"> • <p>Hello World</p> • </div><!-- /content --> • <div data-role="footer"> • <h4>The Footer</h4> • </div><!-- /header --> • </div><!-- /page --> • </body> • </html>

  16. Native App Demo • iPhone Development • Download XCode and the iPhone SDK • Open XCode • File, New Project • Name it HelloWorld, find a location for it. • iPhoneOS • Application - these are project templates • Choose View-based application • Makes lots of files (like a framework) • Open Resources in the left panel • Open View Controller, double click • Opens Interface Builder • You can add things to the View from the Library • Choose a Label, Drag on to view, Change it to Hello World • Save it. • Back in XCode, click Build and Go Button

  17. Links • JQuery Mobile - http://jquerymobile.com/ • Apple iOS Dev Center - http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/ios/index.action • Tutorials • http://www.codeforest.net/jquery-mobile-tutorial-basics • http://www.webdesignerdepot.com/2009/05/how-to-get-started-with-iphone-dev/ • http://mobile.tutsplus.com/tutorials/mobile-web-apps/jquery-mobile-forms/ • http://www.mightymeta.co.uk/test-your-website-across-ios-devices-using-the-iphone-simulator/ • iPhone simulator - http://www.testiphone.com/ • Turn Web app to native - http://www.phonegap.com/

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