Quality of Service in a GSM-R PPP Jean CELLMER UIC ERTMS 2014

1. Quality of Service in a GSM-R PPPJean CELLMERUIC ERTMS 2014

2. The RFF GSM-R project Preliminarystudystarted in 2000 Start of rollout in 2003 with the first supplycontractgiven to Nortel GSM-R scenario: Replacement of analog system : 14,000 km on a total of 32,000 km Unique train radio for new lines : East European High Speed Line first 10 yearrollout Radio optimized for 8 Watt cab radios Plannednumber of users: 10,000 cab radios + 30,000 handhelds ETCS level 2 on high speed lines Architecture: 1 Core Network active (+ 1 back up site) 17 Base Station Controllers, 2,500 Base Stations (radio sites)

3. The RFF GSM-R network architecture 2 MSCs (1 +1) 17 BSCs 2500 BTSs and: - A test platformincluding a test line - A national supervision centre Dunkerque Dunkerque Calais Calais Hazebrouck Hazebrouck Tourcoing Tourcoing Lille Lille Boulogne Boulogne Baisieux Baisieux Bethune Lens Valenciennes Valenciennes Douai Rue Rue Jeumont Jeumont Arras Arras Aulnoye Cambrai Abbeville Abbeville Busigny Busigny Hirson Amiens Amiens Clères Clères Charleville M. Charleville M. Liart Tergnier Tergnier Longwy Le Havre Le Havre Apach Apach Laon Beauvais Beauvais Longuyon Thionville Forbach Forbach Creil Longueil Rouen Reims Reims Ormoy Metz Metz Conflans J Persan Bening Mantes Rémilly Chalons Pagny Paris Chateau Bar le Duc Epernay Epernay Strasbourg Thierry Plaisir G. Plaisir G. Blesmes Lérouville Guingamp Guingamp Coulommiers Brest Brest Reding Reding Kehl St Dizier Provins Tournan Dreux Vitry le F. Vitry le F. Toul Nancy St Brieuc St Brieuc Chartres Molsheim Molsheim Longueville Longueville La Ferté B Vittel Vittel Troyes Laval Rennes Rennes Quimper Quimper Chaumont Chaumont Etampes Etampes Colmar Colmar Le Mans Merrey Merrey Courtalain Sablé Sablé Neuenbourg Neuenbourg Connerré Auray Auray Mulhouse Mulhouse Laroche M. Vannes Vannes Redon Redon Orléans Orléans Culmont Ch. Culmont Ch. Les Laumes Les Laumes Blois Blois Angers Angers Bâle Bâle Belfort Tours Tours Dijon Clerval Le Croisic Le Croisic Saumur Franois Besançon Vierzon Vierzon Nantes Nantes Bourges Dôle Nevers Arc et Senan Thouars Chagny Chagny St Florent St Florent Saincaize Saincaize Chatellerault Chatellerault Mouchard Chateauroux Chateauroux Poitiers Moulins Moulins Genève Genève St Amour St Amour Bourg Mâcon St Germain des F. St Germain des F. Gannat Gannat Roanne Roanne Annecy Annecy Culoz Culoz Ruffec Ruffec Riom Riom Ambérieu Ambérieu Aix Aix Lyon Lyon Limoges Angoulème Angoulème Clermont - - F. F. St André le G. Bourg St Maurice Bourg St Maurice Givors Givors Albertville Albertville Chasse Chasse Nexon Nexon Chambery St Etienne St Etienne Arvan Arvan Brive Brive Grenoble Modane Romans Romans Libourne Libourne Bordeaux Gourdon Valence Valence Cahors Cahors Arcachon Agen Orange Orange Morcenx Morcenx Montauban Vintimille Vintimille Avignon Nîmes Nîmes Tarascon Tarascon Dax Dax Montpellier Montpellier Cannes Cannes Arles Toulouse Toulouse Bayonne Bayonne Miramas Puyoo Puyoo Hendaye Hendaye Aix Aix Béziers Béziers Sète Sète Tarbes Tarbes Marseille Toulon Toulon Carcassonne Carcassonne Narbonne Narbonne Montréjeau Montréjeau Perpignan Perpignan Port Bou Port Bou

4. Why a PPP? June 2004: a new French Law authorising PPP (Public PrivatePartnership) Why a GSM-R PPP? Rollout time schedulecouldbereduced RFF and SNCF couldbenefitfromadditionalcompetencies in term of rollout and network operationthanks to mobile operatorsinvolvement RFF financialriskswouldbelimitedsince the priceisdefinitelyfixed in the Partnershipcontract Operationcostscouldbereducedthanks to mutualisation of activities and resources (a common network operating centre) Additional revenues allocated to the privatepartner, reducing the pricepaid by RFF RFF CAPEX postponed and partlychanged in OPEX.

5. The main aspects of the French PPP contract • A 15 yearcontractsigned in March, 2010 with a new companynamed SYNERAIL • Complete rollout of the GSM-R network • Operation of the complete GSM-R network, including the part whichwasbuiltby RFF (transfered to SYNERAIL in March, 2011) • Maintenance, upgrade, replacement of all necessary hardware and software equipmentuntil 2025 • New services on the network in order to improve business revenue • Future High Speed Lines: connection to the GSM-R national network and support of local GSM-R Base Station Subsystem (the radio sites) • A very high grade of service: • Train to ground radio, 100% compliant to EIRENE specification • ETCS level 2 data transmission on High Speed Lines

6. What’s not in the PPP Transmission links between network elements are stillsupplied by RFF. Thesefiberoptic or coppercablesalreadyexist and are used for varioustelecommunication applications. Theycould not bededicated to GSM-R and transfered to the GSM-R PPP. This share of responsibilitiescreatesomedifficulties and needs a good organisation. Fixedtelephonyisalsosupplied by RFF. The Private Partner isjustresponsible for integration of theseequipment in the end to end system.

7. GSM-R PPP: Area of responsibility of SYNERAIL NSS Network Switching Subsystem BSS Base Station Subsystem SYNERAIL domain FTS: SNCF (Primary and secundarycontrollers) Cab radios BSC Handhelds BTS (Base Transceiver Station) (Base Station Controller) Lineside Telephone Sets SDH Transmission: SNCF BSC (7 sites) BTS Local loop: coppercables and fiberoptics: SNCF

8. A complexcontractual organisation SYNERAIL RFF Rollout independant Controler Specificcontractualrelationship PPP contract Certification of sites Stakeholders Banks Stakeholders contract Financing contract Building contract Operation and maintenance contract Interface contract Consortium for operation and maintenance : SYNERAIL EXPLOITATION MAINTENANCE Temporary building consortium : SYNERAIL CONSTRUCTION Sub contract Sub contract Sub contract Sub contract Sub contract Sub contractor N Sub contractor N+1 Small companies Sub contractor N Small companies 8

9. Lessons learnt from RFF experience A verycomplex organisation Managing a PPP contractisall but simple: Financial, operational, technical aspects have to bedealtwith by numerouscontractors. Toomany interfaces RFF is the customer but RFF isalso the supplier of transmission links, worksalong the tracksafety etc.

10. Lessons learnt from RFF experience The temptation to over specify In a PPP contract the privatepartnerisresponsible for the network design and RFF should have onlyissuedfunctionalspecifications, mainlyexpressingRFF’sneeds in term of services, QoS, maps of lines to becovered, railwayconstraints. But RFF explainedverypreciselyitsinternalrules: no candidate took the risk of not followingRFF’srules and no one showedcreativity. SYNERAIL designs and buildsthe same network as RFF did.

11. Quality of Service in a GSM-R PPP network • There is a contractualrelationshipbetween RFF and the privatepartner. SYNERAIL iscommitted to: • Guarantee a permanent GSM-R service (train radio and support for ETCS level 2) • Instantlyinform RFF in case of anyloss of service • Keep the network as new until the contract end (2025) • Pay penalties for every break in the contractualrules • RFF ispermanentlyinformed of the network status • SYNERAIL Exploitation comesfrom a mobile operator (SFR): • Technicians are veryprofessional, wellskilled and trained • There is an efficient humanresource sharing with SFR • But sometimes, thereis a need to betterunderstand the railwayspecificenvironment and constraints / UIC/PTA 23 May 2011

12. The network Operation Centre issharedwith a mobile operator’s SFR operation centre: one table isdedicated to GSM-R / UIC/PTA 23 May 2011

13. QoS: Level of performance • SYNERAIL iscommitted to deliver the GSM-R service with a contractuallevel of performance: • Radio coverage: minima signal level > - 98 dBm pour train radio and > -92 dBm for ETCS level 2 • Handoveron Power Budget: > 90% • Handoverpingpong: < 1% • Voice quality: MOS > 3 and RXQUAL < 2 (*) • Call drop rate for voice < 1.5% • Call drop rate for ETCS < 1 call drop per 100 hours • Etc. • (*) RXQUAL is a GSM-R parameterwhich qualifies the received signal quality / UIC/PTA 23 May 2011

14. Quality of Service: Service availability • Threecategories of sites • Normal sites: Conventionallines • Criticalsites: High Speed Lines + around 100 sites on conventionallines • ETCS level 2 sites • For every radio site a maximum downtime per yearisspecified: • 99.51% availability of service for conventional (40 hourscumulative max outage) • 99.91% availability of service for critical (8 hours cumulative max outage) • 99.99% availability of service for ETCS level 2 (52 mns cumulative max outage) • In addition Time To Repair (TTR) per site islimited to 4 hours • Every service affecting breakdown must not last more than 4 hours

15. QoS: Information of RFF and SNCF • In case of a service breakdown: • SYNERAIL must inform SNCF railwayoperator in lessthan 5 minutes of any issue whichcould have a negativeeffect on railwaytraffic • They must confirmin lessthan 20 minutes thatthe issue is not fixed and explain the consequences in term of affected area, likely duration of the problem, possible reason for this issue to go on etc. • After service recovery: • SYNERAIL must inform SNCF in lessthan 5 minutes • In case of a Railway Emergency Call: • SYNERAIL must provide, on request of SNCF, a provisionaltechnical information in lessthan 15 minutes (call trace) and complete information in 24 hours, / UIC/PTA 23 May 2011

16. Somerailwayspecific issues • In spite of theirprofessionalexperience, SYNERAIL technicians are facingsome new issues: • No alarm out-of-service sites: • A Public GSM site ismonitored by counters of traffic • A GSM-R site (non ETCS) is not used to support permanent traffic • In case of loss of service withoutalarm notification (i.e. antenna) train drivers are the only source of information: no way to fix the issue in lessthan 4 hours! • Very high requestedavailability: • A public network can live withseveral sites out-of-service for hours/daysespecially far frompeakhours • A GSM-R network needs to bepermanently in service, all sites (no coverageoverlap), especially ETCS sites • A strongneed to informrailwayoperators in case of a breakdown and after service recovery: • Someoutagescould lead to a railwaytraffic stop. / UIC/PTA 23 May 2011

17. Conclusion • Operating a GSM-R network in a PPP mode is a good way to improve the Quality of Service thanks to the presence of mobile operatorsskilled and welltrained people. • But theseprofessionalsoftenneed a time to fullyunderstandrailwayconstraints and specificity. • Questions? / UIC/PTA 23 May 2011