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BIOMES

BIOMES. LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION (FROM SMALLEST TO LARGEST). SPECIES -An individual belonging to a group of organisms (or the entire group itself) having common characteristics and (usually) are capable of mating with one another to produce fertile offspring.

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BIOMES

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  1. BIOMES

  2. LEVELS OF BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION(FROM SMALLEST TO LARGEST) • SPECIES-An individual belonging to a group of organisms (or the entire group itself) having common characteristics and (usually) are capable of mating with one another to produce fertile offspring. • POPULATION-A group of organisms of one species that interbreed and live in the same place at the same time (e.g. deer population). • COMMUNITY-An ecologicalunit composed of a group of organisms or a population of different species occupying a particulararea, usually interacting with each other and their environment. • ECOSYSTEM-A system that includes all living organisms (biotic factors) in an area as well as its physicalenvironment (abiotic factors) functioning together as a unit. An ecosystem is made up of plants, animals, microorganisms, soil, rocks, minerals, water sources and the local atmosphere interacting with one another. • BIOME-A major ecological community of organisms adapted to a particular climatic or environmentalcondition on a large geographic area in which they occur. • BIOSPHERE- The part of the earth where living things exist. The part of the earth (or planet) that is capable of supporting life. The living things and their environment. All of the ecosystems of the earth.

  3. WHAT DOES AN ORGANISM NEED IN ORDER TO SURVIVE? HABITAT: A place to live, Soil, water, air, gasses RAW MATERIALS: Food, water, minerals TWO PARTS OF AN ORGANISMS HABITAT. BIOMES HAVE BOTH FACTORS BIOTIC FACTORSABIOTIC FACTORS INCLUDES ALL LIVING PARTS: Animals Plants Fungus Bacteria Protists INCLUDES ALL NON-LIVING PARTS: Water Sunlight Oxygen Temperature Soil

  4. Biome Characteristics • Composed of large regions. • Plants & animals. • Have specific climate with similar plants andanimal adaptations.

  5. Arctic Arctic Circle Tropic of Cancer Temperate Tropical Temperate Tropic of Capricorn Antarctic Circle Antarctic

  6. DESERTS California Australia Morocco Tunisia

  7. Desert Biome

  8. TYPES OF DESERTS • Hot and dry • Semiarid • Coastal • Cold

  9. Typical Animals • Black footed ferret • Red tailed Hawk • Gila monster • Diamond back rattlesnake

  10. Typical Plants • Spiny and succulents plants. • Barrel Cactus • Saguaro • Joshua tree

  11. Plant and Animal Adaptations • Desert plants adaptations:  • Ability to collect and store water  • Wax features that reduce water loss  • They usually are widely spaced plants. • Animal Adaptations -Get water from seeds/plant parts(fruit); insects -Large ears to release heat -Nocturnal-coming out at night to eat and hunt. -Burrow underground to live

  12. GRASSLANDS

  13. ANIMALS

  14. Typical Animals • Prairie Dogs • Buffalo • Elephants • Giraffes • Lions • Cheetahs • Vultures

  15. PLANTS Bluestem grass, Buffalo grass, Indian grass, Stinging nettle, Coneflowers, Elephant grass, Umbrella Thorn Acacia tree

  16. Plant and Animal Adaptations • Plants • Extensive root webs (so grazing animals don’t pull up the entire root, or damaged by fires) • Thin, needle-like shaped leaves that expose little of the plant to the sun (grass leaves are needle shape) • Animals • Predators need to be quick, powerful, smart, and sneaky to bring down fast and alert animals • Hunt in groups • Camouflage

  17. TUNDRA

  18. TUNDRA ANIMALS • Some animals in the Tundra • Lemmings • Arctic Fox • Snowy Owl • Caribou • Muskoxen

  19. Animals of Tundra

  20. TUNDRA PLANTS • Typical Plant names: • Arctic moss • Caribou moss • Lichens (fungi and protist that lives together) • Pasque flower

  21. Plant and Animal Adaptations • Plant Adaptations: • Permafrost (See next slide) restricts root growth; short roots. • Small sized plants • Very short growing season. • Plants are dark and hairy (absorb solar heat and trap heat) • Some grow in clumps for warmth • Dish-like flowers that rack the sun • Animal Adaptations: • Fur/heavy coats (insulated under fur) • Heat-efficient body shape: short limbs, ears, tails • Camouflage (winter color and summer color coat) • Hibernation(state of deep dormancy where heartbeat and respiration slows down)

  22. TAIGA BIOME

  23. Characteristics ofTaiga Biome Evergreen conifers Seasonal cycle: migrations Abundant, open water Nutrient rich soils Known as Boreal Forest or Coniferous Forest

  24. Typical Animals: moose, lynx, hares/rabbits, eagles, bears

  25. Typical plant names: • Groups of trees are called evergreen trees because they stay green year round and they are called conifers because they have seeds in cones • Frasier Fir, Balsam Fir, Douglas fir, Jack Pine, white poplar, white Spruce, Red cedar

  26. Plant and Animal Adaptations: • Plant adaptations • narrow needle-like structures limits water loss • chemical that repels animals who would eat the needles • dark green color of the needles absorbs the sunlight • conical shape of the evergreens allows the snow to slide off the branches rather than pile up • They are always green sodon't have to regrow • migrate to warmer climates once the cold weather begins • Animal adaptations • Some animals hibernate • Some have alayer of insulating feathers or fur • Seasonal change in color of feathers or fur protects the animal from its predators

  27. TEMPERATE DECIDUOUS FOREST

  28. TEMPERATE DECIDUOUSFOREST • Good canopy & understory. • Fairly rich soils; productive. • Early settlers used land for • agriculture, but abandoned

  29. Forest Animals Deer, Raccoon, beaver, woodpecker, Eagles, squirrels, bears, rabbits

  30. Some common deciduous trees, also known asBroadleaf trees, are oaks, maples, beeches, hickory, and chestnut.    Deciduous Trees

  31. Plant and Animal Adaptations • Plants: • Deciduous Trees are notable for going through four seasons. Loose their leaves. • Trees go into a period of dormancy or sleep. • Thick bark to protect them from the cold weather. • Animals: • -Hibernation • -Migration • -Stockpiles of food (nuts, seeds) • -Camouflaged to look like the ground

  32. TROPICAL RAIN FOREST

  33. Tropical Rainforest Biome • Large number of species. • Tall, stratified tree canopy = dark on forest floor (seedlings?). • Good drainage. • Rapid decomposition = nutrients in plants.

  34. Typical Animals • Leafcutter ants • Snakes • Jaguar • Monkeys • Bats • Three toed sloths • Aye aye • Anteater • Parrots • Toucans • Tapir

  35. Many rainforest animals use camouflage to disappear in the rainforest.

  36. three-toed sloth uses camouflage and amazing slowness to escape predators. Green algae grows in the sloth's fur, which helps camouflage it in the forest canopy. Sloths are among the slowest moving animals of all (inside too, as it takes about a month to digest food). They hang from branches in the canopy, and are so still that predators such as jaguars don't see them.

  37. parrots and toucans eat nuts, and developed big strong beaks to crack open the tough shells.

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