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Grammar Pre - intermediate

Grammar Pre - intermediate. Modals I ( can, could, be able to ). Modal verbs. can - could may - might shall - should will - would must. Semi-modal verbs. dare need used to ought to Past and future of modals: be able to have to. Introduction.

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Grammar Pre - intermediate

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  1. GrammarPre-intermediate Modals I (can, could, be able to)

  2. Modal verbs • can - could • may - might • shall - should • will - would • must

  3. Semi-modal verbs • dare • need • used to • ought to Past and future of modals: • be able to • have to

  4. Introduction • The modal verbs are a special group of auxiliary verbs. • We use them before other verbs to express certain meaning (permission, ability, possibility, certainty, ...). • They have different grammar from other verbs.

  5. Generally • Modal verbs have only one form and do not inflect for person or number (no -s on the third person singular). • Modal verbs do not have infinitive forms, either with to or without. • Modal verbs have no -ingform and no -edparticiple form.

  6. Generally • Modal verbs are placed first in the verb phrase and are followed by a verb in the base form. You mustbe tired. • Modal verbs cannot be used as lexical verbs. Acanspeak Russian. (A can Russian.)

  7. Negative form • Not is placed after the modal verb to form the negative. He could not open the door. • The contracted negative n’t is used in spoken language and in informal writing with can, could, should, would, might and must, and with the semi-modals ought, need and dare. Youmustn’teat so quickly.

  8. Interrogative form • The structure is: modal verb + subject + lexical verb. • Auxiliary do is not used. Could you open the window, please? Will you be at home tomorrow? Would you bring some food?

  9. Can • We use can to talk about ability, probability, permission, request or to forbid something. Cats can see much better than humans. He is only toddler. He cannot read and write. It can be very rainy in London. Take an umbrela. Can you give me your number? You can watch TV for an hour. You can’t be late for this meeting!

  10. Could • Could has a number of meanings. The most frequent uses are for possibility/ probability/permission and for making suggestions, and as the past tense of can. I think it could be the solution. I could just cook dinner tonight. Could I talk to you for a moment? I could swim when I was six.

  11. Be able to • Be able to often means the same as canwhen referring to abilities, but it is much less common. It is often used in situations where canis not grammatically possible. Although I wanted very much I wasn’t able to do it. Willa robot ever be able to replace a dog in the future, what do you think?

  12. Literatura • CARTER, R., McCARTHY, M. Cambridge GrammarofEnglish. 1. vyd. Cambridge: CUP, 2006. ISBN 0-521-67439-5. • SWAN, M., WALTER, C.Oxford EnglishGrammarCourse Basic. 1. vyd. Oxford: OUP, 2011.ISBN 978-0-19-442077-8.

  13. Answer the questions: • What are modals and semi-modals? • How modals differ from other verbs? • Use in sentences can, could be able to.

  14. Děkuji za pozornost.

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