SCOTTISH ENGLISH

1. SCOTTISH ENGLISH ARABIA MARTÍNEZ SEGUÍ

2. INDEX • Background • Grammar • Vocabulary • Phonetics • Test

3. SCOTLAND • Scotland is part of United Kingdom • The money used is called the sterling pound • The population of Scotland is 4.996.000

4. GEOGRAPHY OF SCOTLAND • Edinburgh • Glasgow • Aberdeen

5. LANGUAGE • Scottish English: varieties of English spoken in Scotland • Gaelic is an ancient language of Scotland • Most of the Gaelic speaking-people live in the north-west

6. LANGUAGE HISTORY • Union of the Crowns (1603) • Union of the Parliaments (1707) • Steady decline of Scots begins in 16th century, by the end of the 17th century • English has gained considerable influence in Scotland • English learned formally in Highlands and northern and western

7. NATIONAL SYMBOLS

8. GRAMMATICAL CHARACTERISTICS

9. Characteristics I • Willinstead of shall . Ex: Will I seeyouafter? • Passiveexpressedby “get” Ex: I gottold off • Verbs of motionmaybeelidedbeforeadverbs of motion Ex: I’llaway home then; thecatwantsout. • “Have” behave more likeanauxiliary Ex: he’d a good time

10. Characteristics II • “Needto”, “use to” and “dareto” are used as mainverbs. Ex: he didn’tneedto do that; he doesn’tdaretotalk • Perfectaspect of a verbisindicatedusing “be” as auxiliarywiththepreposition “after” Ex: “he is after going” instead of “ he had gone” • Someverbs are usedprogressively. Ex: I washopingtoseehimortheyweremeaningto come

11. Characteristics III • Pronouns in –selfmaybeused non- reflexively Ex: How’syourselftoday? • Anybody, everybody, nobody, somebody are preferredtoanyone, everyone, no one, someone. • Amn’t I? isusedvirtuarllytotheexclusion of aren’t I? Ex: I’mexpectedtoo, amn’t I?

12. Characteristics IV • The use of “not” ratherthan “n’t” Ex: he’llnot come; you’renotwanted. • The adverbial particlefollowstheverb Ex: he turnedoutthe light • Use of participleafter “need” Ex: My car needswashed

13. LEXICAL CHARACTERISTICS

14. ScotEng words used in Scotland • Dinnae= Don’t • Aye= yes • Brae= hill • Wee = small • To mind= to remember • Dram= drink • Gate= road • Nippin’ = nagging • Paddock = frog • Canny = careful • Kirk= church • Kilt = Scottish Skirt • Lassies = girls

15. Idioms • How are youkeeping ? = how are you? • That’s me away = I’mgoingnow • The back of nine o’ clock = soonafternine o’ clock • I’vegotthecold = a cold

16. PHONETIC CHARACTERISTICS Vowels and consonants

17. Characteristics I • Strongly rhotic (trilled alveolar /r/ or alveolar tap /R /) • Monophthongized diphthongs: • RP/əU / as /o/ (“go” /go/); • RP /εI/ as /e/ (“play” /ple/); • RP /aU/ as /u:/ (“house” /hu:s/) • Unstressed vowels often realized as /I/ where RP has /ə/ • “pilot” as /pʌilIt/,“letter” as /lEtIr/

18. Characteristics II • /u:/ and /U /, e.g. “pool” and “pull” are homophones • /ɔ/ and /ɒ/ merged to /ɔ/ such that “cot” and “caught” are homophones

19. Characteristics III • /I / and /ʌ/ are always short • RP diphthong /AI / becomes longer. e.g., in “tied”, “high”, “prize”. • Non-initial /t/ often replaced by /ʔ / (“butter” /bʌʔIr/) , use decreases in higher social classes

20. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDJflQfNUE8 “Donald wheresyourtroosers?”

21. Test • Which is the second largest city of Scotland? • Aberdeen • Glasgow • Edinburgh  • When did the Union of the Parliaments happen? • 1607 • 1807 • 1707 • Which is a national symbol of Scotland? • Sunflower • Thistle • Rose

22. Test • In Scottish English, “have” could be…. • A modal • An auxiliar • Both of them • Perfect aspect of a verb is indicated using “be” as auxiliary with the preposition… • Before • After • At

23. Test • What does “wee” mean? • Small • Big • Cold • What does “kilt” mean? • Church • Scottish skirt • Trousers • In Scottish English, which are homophones? • /u:/ and /U/ • /U/ and /I/ • /U/ and /A/

24. Test • /I / and /ʌ/ are always… • Homophones • Long • Short • When does Scottish use glottal stop? • Consonant “t” • Consonant “d” • Consonant “k”

25. THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION